TABLE 1:

Average rates of elongation of a head–neck invagination (r_neck/R_head = 0.1; R_head = 30 nm) against resistive force of 28.3 pN with three invagination mobility coefficients and different arrangements of NPFs.

Mobility coefficient, nm/s/pN	Average elongation rate, nm/s
	Two rings of NPFs: one fixed at the base, the other moving with invagination	One ring of NPFs fixed on invagination at the base	One ring of NPFs on flat cell membrane surrounding the invagination opening (as in Mund et al., 2018)
0.01	8.1	7.3	—
0.04	12.6	13.6	—
0.08	14.3	16.6	13.2