Table 5.
Risk factors of an acute MS relapse after vaccination or COVID-19.1
| Without relapse after vaccination | With relapse after vaccination | p value2 | Without relapse after COVID-19 | With relapse after COVID-19 | p value2 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Study population | 1573 | 88 | 459 | 36 | ||
| Age, mean (SD), y | 48.70 (11.39) | 44.79 (11.57) | 0.003 | 46.14 (11.00) | 41.93 (10.36) | 0.024 |
| <55 | 1114 (70.82%) | 74 (84.09%) | 0.007 | 350 (76.25%) | 32 (88.89%) | 0.082 |
| >=55 | 459 (29.18%) | 14 (15.91%) | 0.367 | 109 (23.75%) | 4 (11.11%) | 0.830 |
| Female | 1142 (72.60) | 60 (68.18) | 339 (73.86) | 26 (72.22%) | ||
| MS duration (SD), y | 17.55 (10.16) | 13.37 (10.49) | <0.001 | 15.57 (9.44) | 13.71 (9.63) | 0.271 |
| EDSS | ||||||
| EDSS < 4 | 978 (63.42%) | 51 (63.75)3 | 0.953 | 317 (70.92%) | 25 (71.43%) | 0.949 |
| EDSS >= 4 | 564 (36.58%) | 29 (36.25%)3 | 130 (28.32%) | 10 (28.57%) | ||
| DMT | 1195 (75.97%) | 64 (72.73%) | 0.511 | 364 (79.30%) | 32 (88.89%) | 0.011 |
| Interferons | 328 (20.85%) | 15 (17.05%) | 88 (19.17%) | 8 (22.22%) | ||
| Teriflunomide | 86 (5.47%) | 6 (6.82%) | 30 (6.54%) | 0 (0%) | ||
| Glatiramer acetate | 123 (7.82%) | 6 (6.82%) | 42 (9.15%) | 5 (13.89%) | ||
| Dimethyl fumarate | 89 (5.66%) | 3 (3.41%) | 16 (3.49%) | 6 (16.67%) | ||
| Anti-CD20 | 138 (8.77%) | 10 (11.36%) | 51 (11.11%) | 3 (8.33%) | ||
| Fingolimod | 263 (16.72%) | 10 (11.36%) | 73 (15.90%) | 6 (16.67%) | ||
| Other 2nd line DMT | 168 (10.68%) | 14 (15.91%) | 64 (13.94%) | 4 (11.11%) | ||
| No DMT | 378 (24.03%) | 24 (27.27%) | 95 (20.70%) | 4 (11.11%) | ||
| COVID-19 vaccine | 0.645 | |||||
| BNT162b2 (Comirnaty) | 1414 (88.89%)4 | 81 (92.05%)7 | ||||
| Time between doses (SD), d | 36.80 (10.06) | 43.70 (19.16) | ||||
| mRNA-1273 (Spikevax) | 91 (5.79%)5 | 5 (5.68%)5 | ||||
| Time between doses (SD), d | 36.13 (7.63) | 42.20 (15.75) | ||||
| Vector vaccines | 68 (4.32%)6 | 2 (2.27%) | ||||
| Time between doses (SD), d | 77.75 (17.85) | 109.00 | ||||
| COVID-19 severity | ||||||
| Mild COVID-19 | 375 (81.70%) | 27 (75%) | 0.322 | |||
| More severe COVID-198 | 84 (18.30%) | 9 (25%) | ||||
MS = multiple sclerosis; EDSS = expanded disability status scale; DMT = disease modifying drug, Anti-CD20 = ocrelizumab + rituximab; Other 2nd line DMT = alemtuzumab + natalizumab + cladribine; 1. All data not available for all individuals, the percentage corresponds to the proportion of patients with known value; 2. a comparison between groups with and without relapses after COVID-19 vaccination or infection; 3. Data were missing for 9.09% of patients; 4. A total of 1400 (99.01%) of patients got 2 doses of vaccine; 5. All patients got 2 doses of vaccine; 6. A total of 56 (82.35%) patients got 2 doses of vector vaccine; 7. A total of 77 (95.06%) patients got 2 doses of vaccine; 8. Patient with confirmed or suspected (dry cough, fever and shortness of breath) pneumonia.