Table 1.
Characteristics of the study cohort.
| HC (n = 46) | pwMS (n = 292) | |||
| No DMT (n = 32) | er-DMT (n = 120) | nr-DMT (n = 140) | ||
| Femalea | 33 (71.7) | 27 (84.4) | 80 (66.7) | 96 (68.6) |
| Age (years)b | 42.2 (10.9) | 55.0 (10.5) | 37.8 (9.9) | 41.0 (12.1) |
| Disease duration (years)c | NA | 14 (0–47) | 6 (0–41) | 8 (0–35) |
| Treatment duration (years)c | NA | NA | 2.5 (0.5–15.0) | 3.3 (0.3–17.9) |
| EDSSc | NA | 3.0 (0–8.5) | 1.3 (0–6.5) | 2.5 (0–7.0) |
| Disease course | ||||
| RRMSa | NA | 17 (53.1) | 118 (98.1) | 94 (67.1) |
| SPMSa | NA | 13 (40.6) | 2 (1.9) | 28 (20.0) |
| PPMSa | NA | 2 (6.3) | 0 (0.0) | 18 (12.9) |
| er-DMT | ||||
| Alemtuzumaba | NA | NA | 4 (3.3) | NA |
| Cladribinea | NA | NA | 26 (21.7) | NA |
| Dimethyl fumaratea | NA | NA | 44 (36.7) | NA |
| Glatiramer acetatea | NA | NA | 12 (10.0) | NA |
| Interferon betaa | NA | NA | 13 (10.9) | NA |
| Natalizumaba | NA | NA | 14 (11.7) | NA |
| Teriflunomidea | NA | NA | 7 (5.8) | NA |
| nr-DMT | ||||
| Anti-CD20 mAbsa | NA | NA | NA | 95 (67.9) |
| Complete B-cell depletiona | NA | NA | NA | 63 (66.3) |
| S1PMsa | NA | NA | NA | 45 (32.1) |
| Absolute lymphocyte countc | NA | NA | NA | 0.5 (0.2–1.5) |
| Lymphopenia before vaccinationa | NA | NA | NA | 40 (88.9) |
| Grade 3 or highera | NA | NA | NA | 21 (46.7) |
| Vaccination regime | ||||
| Homologousa | 23 (50.0) | 27 (84.4) | 104 (86.7) | 127 (90.7) |
| Heterologousa | 23 (50.0) | 5 (15.6) | 16 (13.3) | 13 (9.3) |
| SARS-CoV-2 infection | ||||
| Before third vaccinationa | 1 (2.2) | 1 (3.1) | 10 (8.3) | 9 (6.4) |
| After third vaccinationa | 0 (0.0) | 3 (9.4) | 9 (7.5) | 10 (7.1) |
a
Absolute number and percentage.
b
Mean and standard deviation.
c
Median and range
Anti-CD20 mAbs: monoclonal antibodies against cluster of differentiation 20 (ocrelizumab, ofatumumab, rituximab), DMT: disease-modifying therapy, EDSS: Expanded Disability Status Scale, er-DMT: expected response DMT, nr-DMT: no expected response DMT, S1PMs: spingosin-1-phosphate receptor modulator (fingolimod, ozanimod, ponesimod, siponimod).