Table 5.
Influence of management risk factors on seroprevalence of bovine brucellosis.
| Risk factor | Category | N (+ve) | Prevalence (%) | Univariable analysis | Multivariable analysis | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| χ 2 | p value | AOR (95% CI) | p value | ||||
| Management systems | Intensive | 14 (0) | 0 | 4.256 | 0.119 | ||
| Extensive | 90 (14) | 15.6 | |||||
| Semi-intensive | 10 (0) | 0 | |||||
|
| |||||||
| Herd size | Small | 44 (6) | 13.6 | 4.012 | 0.135 | ||
| Medium | 48 (8) | 16.7 | |||||
| Large | 22 (0) | 0 | |||||
|
| |||||||
| Frequent contact with other herds | Yes | 98 (14) | 14.3 | 2.606 | 0.016 | ||
| No | 16 (0) | 0 | |||||
|
| |||||||
| Feeding style | Separate (ref) | 60 (2) | 3.3 | 9.413 | 0.002 | ||
| Mixed | 54 (12) | 22.2 | 8.3(1.76-38.99) | 0.007 | |||
|
| |||||||
| Source of replacement stock | Market | 39 (8) | 20.5 | 4.843 | 0.089 | ||
| Own | 15 (0) | 0 | |||||
| Both | 60 (6) | 0.1 | |||||
|
| |||||||
| Type of service | AI | 42 (3) | 7.1 | 0.306 | 0.858 | ||
| Bull | 6 (0) | 0 | |||||
| Both | 66 (8) | 12.1 | |||||
|
| |||||||
| Types of the housing system | Loose | 15 (1) | 6.7 | 0.505 | 0.477 | ||
| Tying | 99 (13) | 13.1 | |||||
|
| |||||||
| Sources of water | Underground | 13 (2) | 15.4 | 5.876 | 0.209 | ||
| Surface | 13 (3) | 23.1 | |||||
| Both | 40 (5) | 12.5 | |||||
| Tap water | 26 (0) | 0 | |||||
| Any available | 22 (4) | 18.2 | |||||
|
| |||||||
| Separate parturition pen | Yes | 7 (0) | 0 | 0.732 | 0.392 | ||
| No | 105 (14) | 13.3 | |||||
AI: artificial insemination; AOR: adjusted odds ratio; χ2: chi square; CI: confidence interval; N: number of observation.