Table 6.
ANOVA for expression levels of cytokines/chemokines-related genes or their receptors, which are selected by hypothesis, in THP-1 macrophages co-cultured with MMNK-1 cholangiocytes.
| Genes involved in intercellular signal | Regulation | Module eigengene | p-value for ANOVA | Mean ± SD of normalized values fold change | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1,2-DCP concentration | ||||||
| 0 | 0.1 | 0.4 mM | ||||
| Cytokines | ||||||
| TNF Superfamily Member 4 (TNFSF4) | – | ME8 | 0.11 |
81 ± 16 1 |
52 ± 10 0.64 |
54 ± 19 0.67 |
| Tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced protein 8-like protein 1 (TNFAIP8L1) | Downregulated | ME2 | 0.020 |
46.5 ± 8.4 1 |
27.3 ± 1.2 0.59 (0.013) |
35.6 ± 5.6 0.77 (0.11) |
| Tumor necrosis factor, alpha-induced protein 8-like 2 and sodium channel modifier 1 (TNFAIP8L2-SCNM1) | – | ME3 | 0.15 |
150 ± 35 1 |
215 ± 47 1.43 |
200 ± 24 1.33 |
| TNF Receptor Superfamily Member 10a (TNFRSF10A) | – | ME3 | 0.07 |
11.4 ± 4.1 1 |
14.7 ± 6.7 1.28 |
28 ± 10 2.42 |
| Chemokines | ||||||
| C–C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) | Upregulated | ME3 | 0.018 |
436 ± 83 1 |
575 ± 42 1.32 (0.057) |
636 ± 52 1.46 (0.013) |
| C–C motif chemokine ligand 7(CCL7) | – | ME7 | 0.096 |
29.3 ± 6.5 1 |
33 ± 11 1.11 |
51 ± 13 1.73 |
| C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CXCL2) | Downregulated | ME2 | 0.0042 |
27.8 ± 2.6 1 |
16.1 ± 4.4 0.58 (0.018) |
10.6 ± 4.4 0.38 (0.0028) |
| C-X3-C motif chemokine receptor 1(CX3CR1) | Upregulated | ME2 | 0.0016 |
13.5 ± 5.5 1 |
30.6 ± 6.2 2.26 (0.024) |
32.3 ± 6.4 2.39 (0.016) |
| C–C motif chemokine receptor like 2(CCRL2) | – | ME9 | 0.053 |
35 ± 13 1 |
50 ± 12 1.46 |
62.8 ± 7.1 1.82 |
| C–C motif chemokine receptor 6(CCR6) | Downregulated | ME2 | 0.0083 |
30.7 ± 1.0 1 |
17.9 ± 4.5 0.58 (0.0074) |
19.8 ± 3.9 0.64 (0.015) |
Normalized values of expression level were compared between three groups of different 1,2-DCP concentration by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), being followed by post hoc Dunnett’s multiple comparison with control (0 mM 1,2-DCP group). Data represents expression levels of cytokines/chemokines-related genes or their receptors from transcriptomic profiles of THP-1 macrophages co-cultured with MMNK-1 cholangiocytes when exposed to 1,2-DCP at 0, 0.1 or 0.4 mM for 24 h. Data of normalized values for gene expression are mean ± SD, n = 3. Fold change represents the value relative to the average of the control group (0 mM).