Table 1.
Participant baseline characteristics
| Cognitive Impairment N=201 (12%) |
No Cognitive Impairment N=1510 (88%) |
p-value3 | Total N=1711 |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (mean ± std dev) | 74.1 ± 3.1 | 73.7 ± 2.9 | 0.07 | 73.7 ± 2.9 |
| Female, n (%) | 79 (39%) | 723 (48%) | 0.02 | 802 (47%) |
| Black Race, n (%) | 156 (78%) | 560 (37%) | <0.001 | 716 (42%) |
| Memphis HABC Study Site, n (%) | 122 (61%) | 703 (47%) | 0.0002 | 825 (48%) |
| Pittsburgh, HABC Study Site, n (%) | 79 (39%) | 807 (53%) | 886 (52%) | |
| 3MS (mean ± std dev) | 75.0 ± 9.3 | 91.9 ± 5.3 | <0.001 | 90.0 ± 8.1 |
| Smoking status2, n (%) | ||||
| Never | 79 (39%) | 596 (39%) | <0.001 | 675 (39%) |
| Former | 79 (39%) | 754 (50%) | 833 (49%) | |
| Current | 43 (21%) | 160 (12%) | 203 (12%) | |
| Walking Activity (kCal/kg/week) (mean ± std dev) | 5.6 ± 9.8 | 8.2 ± 20.3 | 0.003 | 7.9 ± 19.4 |
| Body mass index (BMI) | 27.6 ± 5.4 | 27.4 ± 4.5 | 0.74 | 27.5 ± 4.7 |
| Prevalent Health Conditions2, n (%) | ||||
| Cancer | 29 (14%) | 359 (24%) | 0.003 | 388 (23%) |
| Lung Disease | 30 (15%) | 214 (14%) | 0.77 | 244 (14%) |
| Heart Disease | 55 (27%) | 445 (29%) | 0.54 | 500 (29%) |
| Stroke | 19 (9.5%) | 127 (8.4%) | 0.62 | 146 (8.5%) |
| Diabetes Mellitus | 49 (24%) | 246 (16%) | 0.004 | 295 (17%) |
| Falls | 38 (19%) | 334 (22%) | 0.30 | 372 (22%) |
| Arthritis | 115 (57%) | 888 (59%) | 0.67 | 1003 (59%) |
| Depression | 10 (5.0%) | 152 (10%) | 0.02 | 162 (9.5%) |
| ALMBMI (mean ± std dev) | 0.8 ± 0.2 | 0.7 ± 0.2 | <0.001 | 0.7 ± 0.2 |
| Grip strength, kg (mean ± std dev) | 29.6 ± 9.7 | 29.0 ± 9.8 | 0.42 | 29.1 ± 9.8 |
| # of days from ALM or grip strength measurement to index hosp. (mean ± std dev) | 320 ± 221 | 302 ± 232 | 0.32 | 304 ± 230 |
| Low ALMBMI1, n (%) | 28 (14%) | 272 (18%) | 0.15 | 300 (18%) |
| Low grip Strength1, n (%) | 26 (13%) | 152 (10%) | 0.21 | 178 (10%) |
| Days from index hosp. to outcome (mean ± std dev) | 179 ± 122 | 179 ± 120 | 0.97 | 179 ± 120 |
| ADL Disability Prior to Index Hosp, n(%) | 12 (6.0%) | 29 (1.9%) | 0.0004 | 41 (2.4%) |
ALM: appendicular lean mass
3MS: Modified mini-mental status exam score (range 0-100)
ADL: activity of daily living
Low ALMBMI: men <0.789, women <0.512; low grip strength men <26kg, women <16kg (McLean RR, Shardell MD, et al. Criteria for clinically relevant weakness and low lean mass and their longitudinal association with incident mobility impairment and mortality: the foundation for the National Institutes of Health (FNIH) sarcopenia project. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2014;69(5):576-83
Smoking status and prevalent health conditions defined per Visser M, Goodpaster BH, et al. Muscle mass, muscle strength, and muscle fat infiltration as predictors of incident mobility limitations in well-functioning older persons. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2005; 60A(3): 324-333
p-value comparing those with and without cognitive impairment