Table 2.
Association between 5-ARI use (ever use and duration of use) and prostate cancer outcomes in 38,037 men who were initially cancer-free in HPFS (628,257 person-years), 1996–2017
| Ever Use of 5-ARIs |
< 4 Years of 5-ARI Use |
≥ 4 Years of 5-ARI Use |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total Events | Number of Events | Age-adjusted HR (95%CI) | Adjusted HR1 (95% CI) | Number of Events | Adjusted HR1 (95% CI) | Number of Events | Adjusted HR1 (95% CI) | |
|
| ||||||||
| All Incident prostate cancer | 4575 | 253 | 1.03 (0.90, 1.17) | 0.79 (0.70, 0.90) | 154 | 0.76 (0.65, 0.90) | 99 | 0.85 (0.69, 1.04) |
| Lethal prostate cancer2 | 509 | 34 | 1.08 (0.76, 1.54) | 1.02 (0.71, 1.46) | 22 | 1.03 (0.66, 1.59) | 12 | 1.01 (0.56, 1.81) |
|
| ||||||||
| Stage at diagnosis | ||||||||
| Advanced3 | 648 | 42 | 1.12 (0.81, 1.53) | 1.02 (0.73, 1.41) | 25 | 0.94 (0.62, 1.42) | 17 | 1.17 (0.71, 1.91) |
| Localized4 | 3324 | 170 | 0.96 (0.82, 1.13) | 0.71 (0.60, 0.83) | 104 | 0.69 (0.56, 0.84) | 66 | 0.74 (0.58, 0.95) |
|
| ||||||||
| Gleason score | ||||||||
| High-grade (4+3 and above) | 1126 | 84 | 1.24 (0.99, 1.56) | 1.06 (0.84, 1.33) | 45 | 0.92 (0.67, 1.24) | 39 | 1.30 (0.93, 1.80) |
| Score 8–10 | 657 | 53 | 1.27 (0.95, 1.69) | 1.11 (0.82, 1.49) | 29 | 0.98 (0.67, 1.43) | 24 | 1.32 (0.86, 2.01) |
| Score 7 (4+3) | 469 | 31 | 1.20 (0.82, 1.73) | 0.99 (0.68, 1.45) | 16 | 0.83 (0.50, 1.37) | 15 | 1.27 (0.75, 2.16) |
| Low-grade (3+4 and below) | 2865 | 122 | 0.86 (0.72, 1.03) | 0.62 (0.51, 0.74) | 80 | 0.63 (0.51, 0.79) | 42 | 0.59 (0.43, 0.80) |
| Score 7 (3+4) | 1057 | 33 | 0.57 (0.40, 0.81) | 0.45 (0.31, 0.63) | 20 | 0.43 (0.28, 0.68) | 13 | 0.47 (0.27, 0.81) |
| Score ≤6 | 1808 | 89 | 1.06 (0.85, 1.31) | 0.73 (0.58, 0.90) | 60 | 0.75 (0.58, 0.98) | 29 | 0.68 (0.46, 0.98) |
HR (95% CI) = Hazard ratio and 95% confidence interval
1
adjusted for age, smoking status, race, family history of prostate cancer, vigorous activity levels, BMI, height, diabetes, PSA testing intensity, multivitamin use, statin use, current alpha-blocker use, digoxin use, vasectomy, prostate exam and biopsy, aspirin and NSAID use.
2
defined as death from prostate cancer or metastases over follow-up
3
defined as T3b or T4, N1, or M1
4
defined as T1, T2 or T3a, N0/NX and M0/MX