Table 1:
Characteristics of the 329 GOCS girls included in this study by quartiles of phytoestrogen intake
| Total | Total Phytoestrogens | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Q1 (0) | Q2 (>0 –0.28) | Q3 (0.29– 0.76) | Q4 (0.77 –19.48) | ||
| mean (SD) | mean (SD) | mean (SD) | mean (SD) | mean (SD) | |
| Age at DXA (years) | 13.9 (1.0) | 12.9 (0.5) | 14.1 (0.8) | 14.3 (0.8) | 14.5 (0.8) |
| Age at menarche (years) | 11.9 (0.9) | 11.0 (0.6) | 12.1 (0.7) | 12.3 (0.7) | 12.4 (0.8) |
| Anthropometry | |||||
| Birth weight (kg) | 3.4 (0.4) | 3.4 (0.4) | 3.3 (0.4) | 3.3 (0.4) | 3.4 (0.4) |
| BMI z-score at two years after menarche onset | 1.0 (1.0) | 1.3 (0.9) | 1.0 (0.9) | 0.9 (1.2) | 0.7 (1.0) |
| Nutritional status at 2year after menarche onset [n, (%)] | |||||
| Underweight (≤ −1 SD) | 8 (2.1) | 0 (0) | 1 (1.1) | 5 (5.2) | 2 (2.1) |
| Normal (> −1 y < 1 SD) | 184 (47.7) | 37 (37) | 46 (49.5) | 48 (49.5) | 54 (56.3) |
| Underweight (≥ 1 y < 2 SD) | 130 (33.7) | 41 (41) | 33 (35.5) | 27 (27.8) | 28 (29.2) |
| Obese (≥ 2 SD) | 64 (16.6) | 22 (22) | 13 (14.0) | 17 (17.5) | 12 (12.5) |
| Diet Data | |||||
| Total Energy (Kcal) | 1792 (561.2) | 1898 (730) | 1690 (456) | 1753 (509) | 1822 (482) |
| Total Phytoestrogens (mg) | 1.0 (2.6) | 0 (0) | 0.1 (0.1) | 0.5 (0.1) | 3.2 (4.5) |
| Isoflavones (mg) | 0.7 (2.5) | 0. (0) | 0 (0.1) | 0.3 (0.2) | 2.6 (4.6) |
| Lignans (mg) | 0.2 (0.4) | 0 (0) | 0.01 (0.02) | 0.2 (0.2) | 0.6 (0.6) |
| DXA Breast Density | |||||
| %FGV | 50.7 (15.2) | 50.2 (15.3) | 51.2 (14.3) | 49.5 (14.8) | 52.1 (16.4) |
| AFGV | 218.8 (79.3) | 229.9 (82.9) | 218.6 (74.5) | 221.2 (83.2) | 202.0 (73.0) |
| Maternal Data | |||||
| Year of formal education (n, (%)) | |||||
| < 12 years | 251 (76.7) | 75 (75.0) | 65 (70.7) | 82 (84.5) | 71 (75.5) |
| 12 or more years | 76 (23.2) | 25 (25.0) | 27 (29.4) | 15 (15.5) | 23 (24.5) |
Abbreviations: DXA: dual-Xray absorptiometry; SD: standard deviation; BMI: body mass index; AFGV: absolute fibroglandular volume; %FGV, percentage of breast volume; 24HR: 24-hour recall data.