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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Jul 1.
Published in final edited form as: Adv Mater. 2022 Apr 24;34(26):e2201326. doi: 10.1002/adma.202201326

Figure 10.

Figure 10.

Living cells generate patterns on hydrogels. a) Non-uniform distribution of external stimuli (e.g., chemical gradient and light exposure) triggers the variation of gene expression of microbial cells, so that gradually or suddenly varied patterns are displayed on the material. b) Synthetic genetic circuits in single-strain and multi-strain systems can produce spatially or temporally varied patterns on the material.