Table 2.
Duration in days (mean ± SD) of the different instars and/or total nymphal period of N. simulans at six constant temperatures
| Temp (°C) | Instarb | Total nymphal periodb | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Na | N1 | N2 | N3 | N4 | N5 | ||
| 18 | 140 | 42.38 ± 6.71a (24) | /(0) | – | – | – | |
| 22 | 82 | 16.93 ± 3.89b (70) | 11.34 ± 2.45a (67) | 9.41 ± 1.35a (64) | 9.36 ± 0.99a (58) | 12.25 ± 1.19a (52) | 59.85 ± 7.13a (52) |
| 26 | 98 | 9.37 ± 1.76c (94) | 6.93 ± 1.38b (87) | 6.35 ± 1.17b (83) | 6.34 ± 0.94b (81) | 8.01 ± 0.81b (79) | 36.82 ± 4.03b (79) |
| 30 | 88 | 4.72 ± 0.70d (86) | 3.14 ± 0.47c (85) | 2.97 ± 0.38c (83) | 3.13 ± 0.41c (81) | 4.53 ± 0.40c (80) | 18.42 ± 1.59c (80) |
| 34 | 101 | 2.36 ± 0.22e (99) | 2.25 ± 0.29d (97) | 2.10 ± 0.19d (97) | 2.17 ± 0.23d (96) | 3.44 ± 0.37d (93) | 12.35 ± 0.78d (93) |
| 36 | 87 | /(76) | /(75) | /(75) | /(75) | /(73) | 12.29 ± 0.96d (73) |
| X2 | 349.5 | 302.1 | 298.6 | 290.4 | 279.4 | 335.9 | |
| df | 4 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 4 | |
Different letters within a column indicate significant differences at α = 0.05 (Kruskal Wallis test).
At 36°C, instar periods (N1-N5) were not monitored.
a Initial number of first instars tested.
b The number of surviving nymphs based on which the mean and SD values were calculated is placed in parenthesis.