Table 3.
Developmental parameters (mean ± SD) of L. hyalinus at six constant temperatures
| Tempa (°C) | Nymphalb survival (%) | Egg incubation time (days)c | Nymphal period (days) | Adult weight (mg) | Sex ratiod (male:female) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Male | Female | Male | Female | ||||
| 18 | 0.0 ± 0.0 (140) | 25.38 ± 0.99a (107) | / | / | / | / | / |
| 22 | 56.00 ± 4.40 (125) | 11.54 ± 0.26b (148) | 22.68 ± 1.51a | 22.84 ± 2.39a | 9.03 ± 0.90a | 12.09 ± 1.35a | 1:1.33 |
| 26 | 63.75 ± 5.37 (80) | 7.86 ± 0.34c (156) | 17.75 ± 2.12b | 19.22 ± 2.32b | 9.54 ± 1.10ab | 12.27 ± 1.59a | 1:0.82 |
| 30 | 69.64 ± 4.34 (112) | 4.99 ± 0.06d (130) | 9.23 ± 0.29c | 9.45 ± 0.41c | 8.80 ± 0.51b | 11.44 ± 0.65b | 1:1.23 |
| 34 | 37.50 ± 4.94 (96) | 3.74 ± 0.06e (165) | 7.03 ± 0.33d | 7.49 ± 0.28d | 8.04 ± 1.03c | 9.64 ± 2.00c | 1:1.12 |
| 36 | 40.90 ± 4.69 (110) | 3.51 ± 0.04f (132) | 5.99 ± 0.45e | 6.18 ± 0.57e | 7.97 ± 0.91c | 10.26 ± 1.37c | 1:1.05 |
Different letters within a column indicate significant differences at α = 0.05 (Kruskal Wallis test).
a 69.3% of nymphs subjected to 18°C died in the first instar, 11.4% in the second instar, 1.4% in the third instar, 9.3% in the fourth instar, and 8.6% in the fifth instar.
b The initial number of first instars tested is placed in parentheses.
c The number of eggs tested is placed in parentheses.
d Sex ratios did not differ significantly from a 1:1 ratio at α = 0.05 (X2 test).