Table 2.

Linear regression analysis for predictors of stress in college students during the COVID-19 pandemic according to perceived stress.

Parameter	Beta	Std. Error	95% Wald Confidence Interval		Hypothesis Test
			Lower	Upper	Wald Chi-Square	Sig.
(Intercept)	34.157	5.3813	23.610	44.705	40.290	.000
Age	−0.677	.2086	−1.086	−0.268	10.526	.001⁎⁎
Gender
Male#	−6.768	1.1540	−9.030	−4.506	34.399	.000⁎⁎⁎
Female§
Income
< 2090.00 Brazilian reais/month#	2.031	.9755	.119	3.943	4.336	.037*
> 2090.00 Brazilian reais/month§
Number of people they live with	.318	.3560	−0.380	1.016	.797	.372
Academic semester	−0.521	.3001	−1.110	.067	3.017	.082
Social distancing
No#	−0.557	1.7211	−3.930	2.816	.105	.746
Yes§
Physical exercise
No#	.270	.9460	−1.585	2.124	.081	.776
Yes§
Chronotype (HO-MEQ)	−0.002	.0445	−0.090	.085	.003	.956
Sleep quality (PSQI)	1.013	.1586	.702	1.324	40.761	.000
Anxious state due to pandemic
Never to sometimes#	−3.520	1.0045	−5.489	−1.551	12.280	.000⁎⁎⁎
Often to very often§
Sadness state due to pandemic
Never to sometimes#	.154	1.7361	−3.249	3.556	.008	.929
Often to very often§
Study moment
Before remote classes#	−3.959	.9419	−5.806	−2.113	17.671	.000⁎⁎⁎
During remote classes§
(Scale)	35.329	3.7554	28.685	43.513

N = 177. Std.= Standard; df= degree of freedom; Sig.= significance; #= dichotomous covariate analyzed as 0; §= dichotomous covariate analyzed as 1; HO-MEQ= Horne & Ostberg Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (higher scores of this instrument indicate more morning chronotype, while lower scores indicate more evening chronotype); PSQI= Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (higher scores of this instrument indicate lower sleep quality). The analysis was performed using generalized linear models.

^⁎p<0.05,.

^⁎⁎p<0.01,.

^⁎⁎⁎p<0.001.