Table 3.
Mean healthcare costs during the pre- and post-index periods among the CTO cohorts
| CTO status | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| pre = no / post = no (n = 689; 57%) |
pre = yes / post = yes (n = 275; 23%) |
pre = yes / post = no (n = 133; 11%) |
pre = no / post = yes (n = 114; 9%) |
|||||
| pre-index | post-index | pre-index | post-index | pre-index | post-index | pre-index | post-index | |
| All-Cause, $CDN | ||||||||
|
Total, mean (standard deviation) |
$61,281 (72,902) | $34,387 (65,056) |
$91,342 (74,924) |
$51,324 (80,380) | $100,699 (82,557) | $15,987 (22,746) | $79,285 (72,358) | $78,268 (78,204) |
| difference [95%CI] | -$26,894 [-33472, -20316] | -$40,018 [-51363, -28673] | -$84,712 [-98938, -70486] | -$1017 [-19082, 17048] | ||||
|
Hospitalizations, mean (standard deviation) |
$44,871 (62,059) | $23,016 (52,911) | $66,326 (60,263) | $36,392 (67,225) | $76,597 (72,378) | $7913 (17,777) | $59,026 (59,563) | $55,499 (63,312) |
| difference [95%CI] | -$21,855 [-27526, -16185] | -$29,934 [-39438, -20430] | -$68,684 [-81158, -56210] | -$3527 [-18210, 11156] | ||||
|
Physician visits, mean (standard deviation) |
$14,013 (12,111) | $9759 (12,641) |
$22,347 (15,303) |
$13,266 (13,551) | $21,861 (12,627) |
$7300 (5654) |
$17,297 (13,275) | $20,039 (14,477) |
| difference [95%CI] | -$4254 [-5286, -3222] | -$9081 [-11093, -7069] | -$14,561 [-16684, -12439] | $2742 [-682, 6166] | ||||
|
ED visits, mean (standard deviation) |
$2396 (3768) | $1612 (4258) | $2669 (2892) | $1666 (2400) | $2241 (1988) | $774 (1412) | $2962 (3593) | $2730 (3335) |
| difference [95%CI] | -$785 [-1038, -531] | -$1002 [-1310, -695] | -$1467 [-1811, -1123] | -$232 [-933, 469] | ||||
| Mental health-related, $CDN | ||||||||
|
Total, mean (standard deviation) |
$55,360 (68,443) | $27,965 (59,719) | $86,532 (73,380) | $44,222 (74,477) | $92,753 (73,726) | $13,974 (22,046) | $75,092 (71,688) | $71,361 (70,648) |
| difference [95%CI] | -$27,395 [-33667, -21122] | -$42,311 [-53047, -31575] | -$78,779 [-91476, -66082] | -$3731 [-20470, 13008] | ||||
|
Hospitalizations, mean (standard deviation) |
$41,827 (59,543) | $19,300 (49,347) | $64,106 (59,601) | $31,838 (61,986) | $70,814 (63,850) | $7188 (17,376) | $57,283 (59,364) | $51,652 (57,815) |
| difference [95%CI] | -$22,527 [-27964, -17090] | -$32,268 [-41216, -23319] | -$63,626 [-74636, -52616] | -$5631 [-19328, 8067] | ||||
|
Physician visits, mean (standard deviation) |
$12,128 (10,663) | $78,456 (11,155) | $20,546 (14,677) | $11,340 (12,711) | $20,243 (12,104) | $6316 (5398) | $15,773 (12,989) | $17,972 (13,319) |
| difference [95%CI] | -$4282 [-5248, -3316] | -$9206 [-11138, -7274] | -$13,927 [-15957, -11897] | $2200 [-996, 5395] | ||||
|
ED visits, mean (standard deviation) |
$1405 (2080) | $819 (2314) | $1881 (1978) | $1044 (1769) | $1696 (1417) | $470 (967) | $2036 (2588) | $1736 (2066) |
| difference [95%CI] | -$586 [-742, -430] | -$837 [-1055, -619] | -$1226 [-1472, -980] | -$300 [-799, 198] | ||||
Bolded mean difference indicates statistically significant difference (p < 0.001) between the 2-year post- and 2-year pre-index periods using paired t-tests. Abbreviations: CDN Canadian, CI Confidence interval, CTO Community treatment order, ED Emergency department