Table 2.

AUCs for the HACOR and updated HACOR scores for predicting NIV failure

	Training cohort	p#	Validation cohort	p#
Before NIV	N = 1451		N = 728
HACOR	0.67 (0.64–0.69)	< 0.01	0.62 (0.58–0.65)	< 0.01
Updated HACOR	0.78 (0.76–0.80)		0.71 (0.67–0.74)
After 1–2 h of NIV	N = 1451		N = 728
HACOR	0.80 (0.78–0.82)	< 0.01	0.71 (0.68–0.74)	< 0.01
Updated HACOR	0.85 (0.84–0.87)		0.78 (0.75–0.81)
After 12 h of NIV	N = 1133		N = 633
HACOR	0.81 (0.79–0.84)	< 0.01	0.74 (0.70–0.77)	< 0.01
Updated HACOR	0.86 (0.83–0.88)		0.79 (0.76–0.82)
After 24 h of NIV	N = 942		N = 552
HACOR	0.82 (0.79–0.84)	< 0.01	0.76 (0.72–0.80)	< 0.01
Updated HACOR	0.85 (0.83–0.88)		0.81 (0.77–0.84)

AUC  area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, HACOR  heart rate, acidosis, consciousness, oxygenation, and respiratory rate, NIV  noninvasive ventilation

^#p for the difference in AUC between HACOR versus updated HACOR