Table 5.
Echocardiographic Abnormalities Stratified by Study Groups and ART Regimen
| Echocardiographic Abnormalities | All Participants (185) | HAART NAÏVE PLWHIV (n = 28) | PLWHIV ON HAART (n = 157) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| LV hypertrophy | 12 (6.5) | 1 (3.6) | 11 (7.0) | 0.696 |
| LV diastolic dysfunction | 6 (3.2) | 1 (3.6) | 5 (3.2) | 0.999 |
| LV systolic dysfunction | 33 (17.8) | 4 (14.3) | 29 (18.5) | 0.790 |
| Pericardial effusion | 41 (22.2) | 9 (32.1) | 32 (20.4) | 0.215 |
| Pulmonary hypertension | 42 (22.7) | 8 (28.6) | 34 (21.7) | 0.464 |
| Others | 6 (3.2) | 2 (7.1) | 4 (2.5) | 0.225 |
| ANTIRETROVIRAL REGIMEN | ||||
| Echocardiographic Abnormalities | EFAVERENZ BASED (n = 94) | NEVIRAPEN BASED (n = 63) | ||
| LV hypertrophy | 12 (6.5) | 8 (8.5) | 3 (4.8) | 0.513 |
| LV diastolic dysfunction | 6 (3.2) | 5 (5.3) | 0 (0.0) | 0.182 |
| LV systolic dysfunction | 33 (17.8) | 18 (19.1) | 11 (17.5) | 0.836 |
| Pericardial effusion | 41 (22.2) | 20 (21.3) | 12 (19.0) | 0.365 |
| Pulmonary hypertension | 42 (22.7) | 20 (21.3) | 14 (22.2) | 0.716 |
| Others | 6 (3.2) | 3 (3.2) | 1 (1.6) | 0.385 |
Note: p-values were computed using the 2×2 Fischer exact test, others include dilated cardiac chambers, dilated aortic root, tricuspid regurgitation and tricuspid effusion. Some participants had multiple abnormalities.
Abbreviations: LV, left ventricle; HAART, highly active antiretroviral therapy; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus.