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. 2022 Jun 29;17:2843–2863. doi: 10.2147/IJN.S356724

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© 2022 Sonbol et al.

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TEM micrographs of K. pneumoniae untreated cells showed reserved morphology where the cell wall (w), cytoplasmic membrane (M), and cytoplasm were clearly intact (Ctrl). Bacteria treated with G-AgNPs showed cell membrane blebbing (blue arrow; D), separation of cytoplasmic membrane from bacterial cell wall (white arrow; B, D, and E), and rupture in the outer membrane (red arrow; B and E). Elongated cell displaying reduction in the cytoplasmic material (white star; A and E), and existence of membrane components (yellow star; A and C). Furthermore, electron-lucent space with different sizes and shapes in the cytoplasm (black thin arrows; C).