TABLE 1.
Mitochondrial dysfunction-related genes in Parkinson’s disease.
| Mode | Gene | Protein name | PARK locus | Gene locus | Age at onset |
| Autosomal dominant | SNCA (Polymeropoulos et al., 1996) | Alpha-synuclein | PARK 1/4 | 4q21-23 | Early or late |
| LRRK2 (Funayama et al., 2002) | Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 | PARK 8 | 12p11.2-q13.1 | Early or late | |
| VPS35 (Paravicini et al., 1992) | Vacuolar protein sorting 35 | PARK 17 | 16q11.2 | Late | |
| CHCHD2 (Funayama et al., 2015) | Coiled-helix-coiled-helix domain containing 2 | PARK 22 | 7q11.2 | Early | |
| Autosomal recessive | PRNK (Matsumine et al., 1997) | Parkin | PARK 2 | 6q25.2-27 | Juvenile (>20 years) Early (20–40 years) |
| PINK1 (Valente et al., 2001) | PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 | PARK 6 | 1p35-p36 | Juvenile (>20 years) Early (20–40 years) |
|
| DJ-1 (van Duijn et al., 2001) | DJ-1 (parkinsonism associated deglycase) | PARK 7 | 1p36 | Early | |
| ATP13A2 (Ramirez et al., 2006) | ATPase 13A2 | PARK 9 | 1p36 | Early | |
| PLA2G6 (Kinghorn et al., 2015) | Calcium-independent phospholipase A2β (iPLA2β) | PARK 14 | 22q13.1 | Early (Juvenile dystonia-parkinsonism) | |
| FBXO7 (Burchell et al., 2013) | F-box domain of protein 7 | PARK 15 | 22q12-13 | Early |