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. 2022 Jun 20;16:894722. doi: 10.3389/fncir.2022.894722

Figure 5.

Figure 5

AHN GABA synaptic silencing results to abnormalities in anxiety behavior and cognitive impairments, affective and cognitive functions. (A) TOX mice are more anxious and avoid center area of the open field (OF) (GFP N = 13, TOX N = 10, unpaired t-test, t = 2.595, df = 21, *p = 0.0169). (B) Total distance traveled in open field did not differ between TOX and GFP (unpaired t-test, t = 0.3521, df = 21, p = 0.7283, NS). (C) Mean speed (m/s) of centerand periphery zone did not differ between TOX and GFP (2-WAY ANOVA, Zone × AHN treatment, F(1,42) = 1.337, p = 0.2541, NS, zone effect, F(1,42) = 26.97, ****p < 0.0001, AHN treatment effect, F(1,42) = 0.007982, p = 0.9292, NS, Bonferroni’s multiple comparisons test, CenterTOX vs. GFP, p = 0.7669, NS, Periphery ArchT vs. GFP, p = 0.9096, NS). (D) TOX mice prefer closed alley (alley 1) and avoid open alleys (alley 2–4) compared to GFP (GFP N = 13, TOX N = 12, 2-WAY ANOVA, Alley × AHN treatment, F(3,92) = 7.027, ***p = 0.0003, Alley effect, F(3,92) = 1612, ****p < 0.0001, AHN treatment effect, F(1,92) = 0.1289, p = 0.7204, NS, Bonferroni’s multiple comparisons test, Alley 1 GFP vs. TOX, **p = 0.0015, Alley 2 GFP vs. TOX, *p = 0.0293, Alley 3 GFP vs. TOX, p = 0.9960, NS, Alley 4 GFP vs. TOX, p > 0.9999, NS). (E) Total distance traveled in successive alleys did not differ between TOX and GFP (unpaired t-test, t = 2.007, df = 23, p = 0.0566, NS). (F) During the encoding phase, both TOX and GFP mice showed little preference bias between two identical objects (GFP N = 8, TOX N = 9, unpaired t-test, t = 0.7744, df = 15, p = 0.4508, NS). (G) TOX mice displayed significant impairment in novel object (NO) discrimination compared to the GFP mice (unpaired t-test, t = 4.465, df = 15, ***p = 0.0005). (H) Total interaction time during novel object discrimination did not differ between GFP and TOX (unpaired t-test, t = 0.9489, df = 15, p = 0.3577, NS). (I) Distance traveled during novel object discrimination did not differ between GFP and TOX (unpaired t-test, t = 1.22, df = 15, p = 0.2413, NS). (J) TOX and GFP mice investigate a stranger 1 mouse equal amount of time (GFP N = 11, TOX N = 8, unpaired t-test, t = 0.2497, df = 17, p = 0.8058, NS). (K) TOX mice displayed impaired social novelty discrimination compared to GFP (unpaired t-test, t = 4.470, df = 17, ***p = 0.0003). (L) Distance traveled during the social novelty discrimination did not differ between TOX and GFP mice (unpaired t-test, t = 0.2768, df = 17, p = 0.7853, NS). All results reported are mean ± s.e.m. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001.