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Effect of MF on proinflammatory cytokines in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. The cells were pretreated with MF for 1 h and were then stimulated with LPS (1 μg/mL) for 6 h and 18 h to evaluate mRNA expression (a and c) and protein secretion (b and d). The data are presented as mean ± SD. ###p < 0.001 vs. the control group; ∗p < 0.05, ∗∗p < 0.01, and ∗∗∗p < 0.001 vs. the LPS-treated group.
