Figure 1.

The in vitro effects of GA-conjugated extract at different concentrations on HFF-1 human fibroblasts and HaCaT keratinocytes cultures: (a, b) cellular viability in 24 h cell cultures; (c, d) cellular proliferation in 72 h cell cultures. Data were generated from three different protocols: MTT assay (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide), neutral red assay, and ATP assay. The (e) antioxidant and (f) genoprotective capacity of GA-conjugated extract at different concentrations was quantified by (e) DPPH and (f) GEMO assays, respectively. Statistical comparisons were performed by one-way analysis of variance followed by post hoc Tukey test. Different letters indicated significant differences at p < 0.05.