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. 2022 Jun 20;13:910807. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.910807

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Copyright © 2022 Avellar, Oliveira, Caixeta, Souza, Teixeira, Faria, Silveira-Nunes, Faria and Maioli

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Concentration of growth factors in colostrum comparing healthy mothers with GDM. The concentrations of growth factors were measured in colostrum by Luminex. The circles represent women classified as having a usual gestational risk. The squares represent women with GDM. A total of 25 samples were included in the analyses. Each geometric figure represents a participant. (A) VEF, (B) FGF-basic, (C) GM-CSF, (D) PDGF, (E) G-CSF; *p < 0.05. (F) Frequency of high producers of growth factors in colostrum.