Table 1.
Characteristics of the included studies.
|
First author, year |
Country/ Region |
Study design |
Total sample/ Analysis sample |
Sex (male/ female) |
Age (range/ mean) |
Follow-up time (years) |
Noise type |
Noise assessment |
Noise value (dB) |
Types of dementia |
Outcome assessment |
Quality assessment (NOS/AHRQ)* |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Andersson et al. (21) | Umeå, Sweden | cohort study | 1721/1721 | 985/736 | 55–85/68.5 ± 9.4 | 7 | traffic noise | Umeå Municipality Noise Survey/Leq.24 h | <55; ≥ 55 | dementia | NINCDS–ADRDAa | 7 |
| Tyas et al. (50) | Manitoba, Canada | cohort study | 1355/694 | 261/433 | 65–93/74.0 ± 5.8 | 5 | community noise | scale | NA | AD | NINCDS–ADRDA | 7 |
| Weuve et al. (52) | Chicago, USA | cohort study | 7909/5227 | 1986/3241 | NA/73.7 ± 6.9 | 4.1 | community noise | universal kriging model developed for the Chicago area/Leq 10:00–16:00 | range 51.1–78.2 | AD; MCI | NINCDS–ADRDA | 8 |
| Yuchi et al. (41) | Metro Vancouver, Canada | case–control study | 13498/13498 | NA | 45–84/NA | 5 | community noise | Lden | case range 33.0–86.5; control range 4.4–92.4 | AD | hospital records | 7 |
| cohort study | 633949/ 633949 |
300197/ 333752 |
45–83/NA | Lden | case range 44.5–77.2; control range 32.2–85.8 | NAD | hospital records | 9 | ||||
| Fuks et al. (49) | North Rhine–Westphalia, Germany | cohort study | 834/288 | 0/288 | 67–80/74.5± 2.2 | 25 | community noise | Lden | mean 55.9 ± 7.7 | MCI | CERAD Neuropsychological Assessment Batteryb | 7 |
| Lnight | mean 47.2 ± 7.4 | MCI | CERAD Neuropsychological Assessment Battery | |||||||||
| traffic noise | ICBEN Daytime | NA | MCI | CERAD Neuropsychological Assessment Battery | ||||||||
| ICBEN Night | NA | MCI | CERAD Neuropsychological Assessment Battery | |||||||||
| Yu et al. (53) | California Sacramento Valley, USA | cohort study | 1789/1612 | 680/932 | >60/70.2 ±6.8 | 6.5 | traffic noise | Leq; 24-h Noise/Nighttime Noise | mean Lden=68.5 ± 8.9 Lnight=60.4 ± 8.9 | MCI | 3 MSE/SEVLTc | 7 |
| Yu et al. (53) | California Sacramento Valley, USA | cohort study | 1789/1612 | 680/932 | >60/70.2 ±6.8 | 6.5 | traffic noise | Leq; 24-h Noise | mean Lden=68.5 ± 8.9 | MCI | 3 MSE/SEVLT | 7 |
| Tzivian et al. (51) | Ruhr, Germany |
cross–sectional study | 4157/2050 | 1007/1043 | NA/64.1 ± 7.7 | NA | traffic noise | Lden; Lnight | mean Lden=53.74 ± 9.49 Lnight=44.88 ± 9.17 | MCI | International Working Group on MCI criteria | 10 |
| Carey et al. (47) | London, England | cohort study | 139718/ 130978 |
65130/ 65848 |
50–79/NA | 6.9 | traffic noise | TRAffic Noise EXposure (TRANEX) model/ Lnight | mean 52.1 ± 4.6 | AD; VaD | NA | 8 |
| Crous-Bou et al. (48) | Barcelona, Spain |
cross– sectional study |
228/288 | 136/92 | NA/57.7 ±7.6 | NA | traffic noise | Lden; Lnight | mean 67.7 ± 5.77 | AD | MRId | 6 |
| Cantuaria et al. (46) | Danmark | cohort study | 1938994/ 1938994 |
907991/ 1031003 |
≥60/NA | 8.5 | road traffic noise | Lden max | mean 55.3 | AD; VaD | clinical diagnosis | 8 |
| railway traffic noise | Lden max | mean 44.3 | AD; VaD | clinical diagnosis | ||||||||
| road traffic noise | Lden min | mean 51.6 | AD; VaD | clinical diagnosis | ||||||||
| railway traffic noise | Lden min | mean 44.7 | AD; VaD | clinical diagnosis |
*, Newcastle–Ottawa Scale (NOS) for cohort and case–control studies and Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) recommended items for cross–sectional studies. a, National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Diseases and Stroke/Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders Association (NINCDS–ADRDA) criteria. b, Consortium to Establish a Registry on Alzheimer's Disease (CERAD) Neuropsychological Assessment Battery. c, Modified Mini–Mental State Examination (3 MSE) and Spanish English Verbal Learning Test (SEVLT). d, Magnetic Resonance Imaging.