Fig. 4.

(A) ODI of Wiltse, MIS‐TLIF group at 6 and 12 months after surgery were lower than PLIF. (B) JOA score of Wiltse, MIS‐TLIF group at 6 and 12 months after surgery were higher than PLIF group. (C) Serum creatine kinase level of Wiltse, MIS‐TLIF group on 1 and 3 day(s) after surgery were significantly lower than PLIF group. (D) Low back pain VAS score of Wiltse, MIS‐TLIF group at 7 days, 3, 6, 12 months after surgery were significantly lower than PLIF group. (E) lower limb pain VAS score of Wiltse, MIS‐TLIF, and PLIF group showed no statistical difference