Table 2.
Comparison of echocardiographic indices at baseline, acute period, and compensation period in a dog model of acute pulmonary embolism.
| Baseline | Acute period | Compensation period | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| value | value | P | value | P | |
| LVIDDN | 1.62 (1.44–1.67) | 1.42 (1.29–1.58) | 0.21 | 1.58 (1.45–1.66) | 0.98 |
| Systolic EI | 1.03 (1.01–1.08) | 1.26 (1.09–1.36)* | 0.013 | 1.10 (1.04–1.18) | 0.44 |
| Diastolic EI | 1.07 (1.04–1.11) | 1.30 (1.25–1.38)* | <0.001 | 1.14 (1.11–1.20) | 0.28 |
| Mitral E (m/s) | 0.60 (0.57–0.65) | 0.44 (0.39–0.57)* | 0.027 | 0.59 (0.54–0.62) | 0.87 |
| Mitral A (m/s) | 0.38 (0.30–0.42) | 0.29 (0.26–0.38) | 0.32 | 0.35 (0.29–0.40) | 0.78 |
| S'TV (cm/sec) | 5.7 (4.9–6.7) | 5.0 (4.7–6.1) | 0.74 | 5.3 (4.5–6.1) | 1.0 |
| TAPSE (mm) | 7.6 (6.1–8.7) | 4.9 (3.6–6.4) | 0.085 | 5.6 (4.3–7.8) | 0.80 |
| RVEDA (cm2) | 9.5 (8.8–10.3) | 11.0 (9.8–12.2) | 0.073 | 9.4 (8.6–10.3) | 0.99 |
| RVESA (cm2) | 7.5 (6.6–7.9) | 9.2 (8.3–10.4)* | 0.009 | 7.5 (6.2–8.1) | 0.99 |
| FAC (%) | 21.8 (21.5–28.2) | 15.3 (12.5–17.8)* | 0.005 | 22.4 (20.5–27.6) | 0.91 |
| Tei index (DPD) | 0.24 (0.18–0.27) | 0.66 (0.49–0.79)* | <0.001 | 0.49 (0.37–0.56)* | 0.008 |
| Tei index (TDI) | 0.58 (0.48–0.70) | 1.11 (0.86–1.25)* | 0.004 | 0.86 (0.67–1.04) | 0.15 |
| Global RVLS (- %) | 9.3 (8.5–10.0) | 7.2 (5.8–8.0)* | 0.006 | 8.9 (8.0–9.6) | 0.72 |
| Free wall RVLS (- %) | 10.3 (9.1–11.7) | 6.4 (4.5–6.9)* | <0.001 | 9.6 (7.2–10.7) | 0.34 |
| Basal free wall | 13.7 (9.4–14.7) | 6.7 (4.0–9.7)* | 0.033 | 10.8 (8.9–14.4) | 0.75 |
| Middle free wall | 12.6 (9.1–13.4) | 8.2 (5.3–9.9)* | 0.041 | 10.7 (7.8–12.1) | 0.53 |
| Apical free wall | 6.0 (4.5–10.0) | 3.6 (2.3–6.4) | 0.12 | 6.0 (5.1–8.1) | 0.90 |
| Septal RVLS (- %) | 8.6 (7.5–9.0) | 8.8 (8.2–9.3) | 0.69 | 9.4 (8.3–9.7) | 1.0 |
| Basal septum | 9.6 (8.7–11.2) | 12.8 (10.9–13.1) | 0.083 | 11.5 (9.9–12.5) | 0.55 |
| Middle septum | 9.6 (7.2–10.3) | 10.0 (8.2–10.6) | 0.59 | 10.1 (8.9–10.8) | 0.97 |
| Apical septum | 5.8 (3.9–7.8) | 5.3 (3.2–6.1) | 0.25 | 7.0 (5.7–8.0) | 0.80 |
| Free wall SST (msec) | 261 (245–291) | 301 (257–328) | 0.37 | 241 (204–245) | 0.22 |
| Basal free wall | 284 (218–296) | 325 (263–339)* | 0.028 | 230 (206–255) | 0.46 |
| Middle free wall | 261 (247–284) | 333 (258–355)* | 0.002 | 244 (206–255) | 0.39 |
| Apical free wall | 264 (249–284) | 315 (264–380)* | 0.049 | 252 (235–263) | 0.83 |
| Septal SST (msec) | 278 (257–311) | 274 (232–306) | 0.25 | 254 (224–268) | 0.25 |
| Basal septum | 281 (244–292) | 270 (223–292) | 0.62 | 250 (229–286) | 0.89 |
| Middle septum | 277 (246–313) | 269 (227–288) | 0.32 | 256 (224–271) | 0.75 |
| Apical septum | 275 (238–304) | 298 (260–340) | 0.21 | 256 (222–278) | 0.66 |
| Free wall delay (msec) | −15 (–24–5) | 5 (–15–81) | 0.15 | – 11 (–41–0) | 1.0 |
| RV-SD6 (msec) | 23 (19–28) | 69 (31–81)* | 0.013 | 22 (13–36) | 0.99 |
Continuous variables were displayed as median (interquartile range). LVIDDN, normalized left ventricular internal diameter in diastole; EI, Eccentricity index; E, Early diastolic wave; A, Late diastolic wave; S'TV, Systolic tricuspid annular velocity; TAPSE, Tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion; RVEDA, Right ventricular end-diastolic area; RVESA, Right ventricular end-systolic area; FAC, Fractional area change; DPD, Dual pulsed-wave Doppler; TDI, Tissue Doppler; RVLS, Right ventricular longitudinal strain; SST, Systolic shortening time; RV-SD6, Standard deviation of the time to peak longitudinal strain of six right ventricular segments. *P < 0.05 compared with the baseline.