. 2022 Mar 31;27:16. doi: 10.1265/ehpm.21-00018

Table 2.

CIR of LA’ types for 3-year incident disability in all the study participants

Types of LA	n	Cumulative incidence^a	Crude	Model 1	Model 2	Model 3
Types of LA	n	Cumulative incidence^a	CIR (95% CI)	CIR^b (95% CI)	CIR^c (95% CI)	CIR^d (95% CI)
Physical leisure activities
Without	3,208	10.2%	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
Moderate^e	2,425	7.7%	0.76 (0.64–0.90)^*	0.81 (0.69–0.97)^*	0.98 (0.83–1.16)	0.99 (0.84–1.17)
Frequent^f	2,642	4.1%	0.40 (0.33–0.50)^*	0.45 (0.36–0.56)^*	0.73 (0.58–0.91)^*	0.76 (0.61–0.96)^*
P for trend			<0.001	<0.001	0.010	0.032
Cognitive leisure activities
Without	3,648	8.8%	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
Moderate^e	2,637	7.7%	0.87 (0.74–1.03)	0.95 (0.80–1.12)	0.85 (0.72–1.00)^†	0.86 (0.73–1.01)^†
Frequent^f	1,990	5.1%	0.58 (0.47–0.72)^*	0.70 (0.56–0.87)^*	0.71 (0.57–0.88)^*	0.76 (0.61–0.95)^*
P for trend			<0.001	0.002	0.001	0.010

CI, confidence interval; CIR, cumulative incidence ratio. ^*P < 0.05. ^†P < 0.10.

^aThe cumulative incidence of incident disability during the 3-year follow-up.

^bModel 1 is adjusted for both types of leisure activities and social participation (i.e., community activities, paid work, and informal social interactions).

^cModel 2 is adjusted for the variables in Model 1 plus gender, age (5-year increase), socio-economic status (i.e., family number, education, and perceived economic situation), health status (i.e., body mass index and chronic medical conditions), and health behaviors (i.e., alcohol consumption, smoking status, and regular dental visits).

^dModel 3 is adjusted for the variables in Model 2 plus mental functioning (i.e., depression and cognitive functioning).

^eMonthly or yearly. ^fWeekly or more.