Table 1.
Pyrethroid (PYR) exposure markers, selected pesticides, and the uses.
|
Exposure markers in urine
(abbreviation) |
Pyrethroids
(examples) |
Agricultural use | Hygienic use |
| 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (3PBA) | Cyhalothrin | X | |
| Cypermethrin | X | ||
| Esfenvalerate | X | ||
| Fenpropathrin | X | ||
| Ethofenprox | X | ||
| Permethrin | X | X | |
| Phenothrin | X | ||
| Tralomethrin | X | ||
|
| |||
| 4-fluoro-3-phenoxybenzoic acid (FPBA) | Cyfluthrin | X | |
|
| |||
| 1R-trans-chrysanthemum dicarboxylic acid (CDCA) | Allethrin | X | X |
| Imiprothrin | X | ||
| Tetramethrin | X | ||
| Prallethrin | X | ||
| Resmethrin | X | ||
|
| |||
| cis-3-(2,2-dibromovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (DBCA) | Tralomethrin | X | |
|
| |||
| cis- and trans-3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (DCCA) | Transfluthrin | X | |
| Permethrin | X | X | |
| Cypermethrin | X | ||
| Cyfluthrin | X | ||
|
| |||
| 4-methyl-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorobenzyl alcohol (CH3-FB-Al) | Profluthrin | X | |
|
| |||
| 4-methoxymethyl-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorobenzyl alcohol (CH3OCH2-FB-Al) | Metofluthrin | X | |
|
| |||
| 2,3,5,6-tetrafluorobenzyl alcohol (FB-Al) | Transfluthrin | X | |
|
| |||
| 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-1,4-benzenedimethanol (HOCH2-FB-Al) | Metofluthrin | X | |
| Profluthrin | X | ||