Table 3.
Predict factors associated with HCC recurrence
| Variable | Comparison | Univariate | Multivariate 1a | Multivariate 2b | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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| HR (95% CI) | P-value | HR (95% CI) | P-value | HR (95% CI) | P-value | ||
| Age (years) | > 60 vs. ≤ 60 | 1.33 (1.11-1.60) | 0.002 | 1.21 (1.00-1.47) | 0.052 | ||
| Sex | Male vs. Female | 1.01 (0.81-1.26) | 0.913 | ||||
| Diabetes mellitus | Yes vs. No | 1.45 (1.19-1.77) | < 0.001 | 1.25 (1.02-1.54) | 0.031 | 1.27 (1.04-1.56) | 0.021 |
| CHB | Yes vs. No | 0.87 (0.73-1.05) | 0.136 | ||||
| CHC | Yes vs. No | 1.42 (1.18-1.71) | < 0.001 | 1.26 (1.03-1.54) | 0.022 | 1.33 (1.10-1.62) | 0.003 |
| MAFLD | Yes vs. No | 1.11 (0.83-1.47) | 0.482 | ||||
| AFP (ng/mL) | > 10 vs. ≤ 10 | 1.28 (1.07-1.54) | 0.007 | 1.18 (0.98-1.43) | 0.084 | ||
| Liver cirrhosis | Yes vs. No | 1.67 (1.40-2.01) | < 0.001 | 1.63 (1.35-1.96) | < 0.001 | 1.67 (1.39-2.01) | < 0.001 |
| Child-Pugh grade | B vs. A | 1.41 (1.02-1.94) | 0.036 | 1.15 (0.83-1.59) | 0.411 | ||
| BCLC stage | A vs. 0 | 1.71 (1.28-2.29) | < 0.001 | 1.17 (0.76-1.79) | 0.486 | ||
| Tumor number | Multiple vs. Single | 1.73 (1.31-2.28) | < 0.001 | 1.80 (1.35-2.41) | < 0.001 | 1.83 (1.38-2.44) | < 0.001 |
| Tumor size (cm) | > 2 vs. ≤ 2 | 1.45 (1.16-1.81) | 0.001 | 1.36 (0.99-1.86) | 0.059 | 1.48 (1.18-1.86) | 0.001 |
| Histological grade | Poor vs. well + moderate | 2.56 (1.60-4.10) | < 0.001 | 2.30 (1.43-3.72) | 0.001 | 2.37 (1.47-3.82) | < 0.001 |
| Capsule invasion | Yes vs. No | 1.10 (0.84-1.44) | 0.508 | ||||
| Satellite nodule | Yes vs. No | 1.53 (0.88-2.66) | 0.130 | ||||
| Microvascular invasion | None | Reference | |||||
| Capsule vein | 1.39 (1.11-1.74) | 0.004 | 1.38 (1.08-1.75) | 0.01 | 1.43 (1.14-1.80) | 0.002 | |
| Portal vein | 1.63 (1.21-2.19) | 0.001 | 1.49 (1.09-2.02) | 0.012 | 1.55 (1.15-2.09) | 0.004 | |
| Both | 1.97 (1.43-2.73) | < 0.001 | 1.59 (1.13-2.23) | 0.007 | 1.69 (1.22-2.36) | 0.002 | |
Abbreviations: HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval; MVI, microvascular invasion; CHB, chronic hepatitis B; CHC, chronic hepatitis C; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AFP, alpha fetoprotein; BCLC, Barcelona clinical liver cancer; MAFLD, metabolic-associated fatty liver disease.
a
Multivariate 1: multivariable analysis based on all potential risk factors (P < 0.1 in the univariate Cox model) forced into the model.
b
Multivariate 2: multivariable analysis with variables (P < 0.1 in the univariate Cox model) using forward stepwise conditional LR method with P < 0.05 as selection criterion.