Table 4.
Predict factors associated with all-caused mortality
| Variable | Comparison | Univariate | Multivariate 1a | Multivariate 2b | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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| HR (95% CI) | P-value | HR (95% CI) | P-value | HR (95% CI) | P-value | ||
| Age (years) | > 60 vs. ≤ 60 | 1.46 (1.17-1.82) | 0.001 | 1.32 (1.04-1.69) | 0.024 | 1.34 (1.06-1.69) | 0.013 |
| Sex | Male vs. Female | 0.97 (0.74-1.26) | 0.807 | ||||
| Diabetes mellitus | Yes vs. No | 1.98 (1.57-2.50) | < 0.001 | 1.75 (1.37-2.22) | < 0.001 | 1.72 (1.36-2.18) | < 0.001 |
| CHB | Yes vs. No | 0.77 (0.62-0.96) | 0.021 | 0.83 (0.61-1.11) | 0.209 | ||
| CHC | Yes vs. No | 1.29 (1.03-1.61) | 0.027 | 0.92 (0.68-1.25) | 0.586 | ||
| MAFLD | Yes vs. No | 1.01 (0.72-1.42) | 0.956 | ||||
| AFP (ng/mL) | > 10 vs. ≤ 10 | 1.29 (1.03-1.60) | 0.025 | 1.24 (0.98-1.56) | 0.071 | ||
| Liver cirrhosis | Yes vs. No | 1.84 (1.47-2.30) | < 0.001 | 1.77 (1.41-2.22) | < 0.001 | 1.81 (1.44-2.27) | < 0.001 |
| Child-Pugh grade | B vs. A | 2.06 (1.47-2.88) | < 0.001 | 1.76 (1.25-2.50) | 0.001 | 1.78 (1.27-2.52) | 0.001 |
| BCLC stage | A vs. 0 | 1.57 (1.11-2.22) | 0.011 | 0.85 (0.49-1.46) | 0.544 | ||
| Tumor number | Multiple vs. Single | 1.41 (1.00-2.00) | 0.052 | 1.44 (1.00-2.08) | 0.05 | ||
| Tumor size (cm) | > 2 vs. ≤ 2 | 1.50 (1.14-1.98) | 0.004 | 1.66 (1.10-2.53) | 0.017 | 1.51 (1.14-2.00) | 0.004 |
| Histological grade | Poor vs. well + moderate | 2.34 (1.31-4.17) | 0.004 | 1.85 (1.02-3.34) | 0.041 | ||
| Capsule invasion | Yes vs. No | 1.20 (0.86-1.69) | 0.289 | ||||
| Satellite nodule | Yes vs. No | 2.37 (1.36-4.12) | 0.002 | 1.51 (0.82-2.81) | 0.189 | ||
| Microvascular invasion | None | Reference | |||||
| Capsule vein | 1.34 (1.00-1.80) | 0.05 | 1.27 (0.94-1.73) | 0.126 | |||
| Portal vein | 2.07 (1.47-2.91) | < 0.001 | 1.83 (1.27-2.63) | 0.001 | 1.85 (1.31-2.62) | < 0.001 | |
| Both | 2.59 (1.81-3.70) | < 0.001 | 2.11 (1.45-3.09) | < 0.001 | 2.29 (1.59-3.29) | < 0.001 | |
Abbreviations: HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval; MVI, microvascular invasion; CHB, chronic hepatitis B; CHC, chronic hepatitis C; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AFP, alpha fetoprotein; BCLC, Barcelona clinical liver cancer; MAFLD, metabolic-associated fatty liver disease.
a
Multivariate 1: multivariable analysis based on all potential risk factors (P < 0.1 in the univariate Cox model) forced into the model.
b
Multivariate 2: multivariable analysis with variables (P < 0.1 in the univariate Cox model) using forward stepwise conditional LR method with P < 0.05 as selection criterion.