Table 5.
Predict factors associated with HCC early recurrence
| Variable | Comparison | Univariate | Multivariate 1a | Multivariate 2b | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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| HR (95% CI) | P-value | HR (95% CI) | P-value | HR (95% CI) | P-value | ||
| Age (years) | > 60 vs. ≤ 60 | 1.29 (1.01-1.63) | 0.04 | 1.15 (0.89-1.48) | 0.303 | ||
| Sex | Male vs. Female | 0.89 (0.67-1.18) | 0.414 | ||||
| Diabetes mellitus | Yes vs. No | 1.31 (1.01-1.69) | 0.043 | 1.16 (0.89-1.52) | 0.263 | ||
| CHB | Yes vs. No | 0.88 (0.69-1.12) | 0.292 | ||||
| CHC | Yes vs. No | 1.42 (1.12-1.80) | 0.004 | 1.26 (0.97-1.63) | 0.086 | 1.34 (1.05-1.71) | 0.019 |
| MAFLD | Yes vs. No | 1.16 (0.82-1.64) | 0.409 | ||||
| AFP (ng/mL) | > 10 vs. ≤ 10 | 1.62 (1.27-2.07) | < 0.001 | 1.42 (1.10-1.82) | 0.007 | 1.39 (1.08-1.79) | 0.01 |
| Liver cirrhosis | Yes vs. No | 1.93 (1.52-2.46) | < 0.001 | 1.87 (1.46-2.39) | < 0.001 | 1.89 (1.47-2.42) | < 0.001 |
| Child-Pugh grade | B vs. A | 1.49 (1.01-2.21) | 0.044 | 1.14 (0.76-1.71) | 0.526 | ||
| BCLC stage | A vs. 0 | 2.04 (1.33-3.13) | 0.001 | 1.29 (0.71-2.33) | 0.402 | ||
| Tumor number | Multiple vs. Single | 1.67 (1.17-2.38) | 0.005 | 1.72 (1.19-2.49) | 0.004 | 1.79 (1.24-2.57) | 0.002 |
| Tumor size (cm) | > 2 vs. ≤ 2 | 1.59 (1.17-2.15) | 0.003 | 1.40 (0.93-2.10) | 0.112 | 1.61 (1.18-2.19) | 0.003 |
| Histological grade | Poor vs. well + moderate | 2.94 (1.71-5.03) | < 0.001 | 2.46 (1.42-4.26) | 0.001 | 2.63 (1.53-4.52) | < 0.001 |
| Capsule invasion | Yes vs. No | 0.83 (0.60-1.14) | 0.25 | ||||
| Satellite nodule | Yes vs. No | 2.17 (1.19-3.97) | 0.012 | 1.15 (0.59-2.24) | 0.686 | ||
| Microvascular invasion | None | Reference | |||||
| Capsule vein | 1.33 (0.98-1.79) | 0.064 | 1.25 (0.91-1.72) | 0.161 | |||
| Portal vein | 2.02 (1.41-2.88) | < 0.001 | 1.71 (1.17-2.51) | 0.006 | 1.79 (1.24-2.58) | 0.002 | |
| Both | 2.31 (1.57-3.39) | < 0.001 | 1.72 (1.114-2.59) | 0.009 | 1.81 (1.22-2.70) | 0.003 | |
Abbreviations: HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval; MVI, microvascular invasion; CHB, chronic hepatitis B; CHC, chronic hepatitis C; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AFP, alpha fetoprotein; BCLC, Barcelona clinical liver cancer; MAFLD, metabolic-associated fatty liver disease.
a
Multivariate 1: multivariable analysis based on all potential risk factors (P < 0.1 in the univariate Cox model) forced into the model.
b
Multivariate 2: multivariable analysis with variables (p < 0.1 in the univariate Cox model) using forward stepwise conditional LR method with P < 0.05 as selection criterion.