Table 3.

Summary of clinical trials about anti-CTLA-4 in ES-SCLC

Trial	Phase	No. of Patients	Treatment	FDA Approval	OS	PFS	ORR (%)	AEs (%)
CheckMate 451	III	834	Nivolumab plus Ipilimumab vs. Nivolumab vs. placebo	No	9.2 months vs. 9.6 months (HR, 0.92; 95% CI: 0.75-1.12; P=0.37)	1.7 months (1.5-2.6) vs. 1.9 months (1.6-2.6) vs. 1.4 months (1.4-1.5)	9.1 vs. 11.5 vs. 4.2	Grade 3/4 AEs 52.2 vs. 11.5 vs. 8.4
CASPIAN trial	III	537	Durvalumab + Tremelimumab + chemotherapy vs. chemotherapy	Yes	10.4 months vs. 10.5 months (HR, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.67-0.97; P=0.02)	16.9% (95% CI: 12.6-21.7) vs. 5.3% (95% CI: 2.9-8.8)	58 vs. 58	Serious AEs 47.4 vs. 36.5
CA184-156	III	1132	Ipilimumab + chemotherapy vs. chemotherapy	No	11 months vs. 10.9 months (HR 0.94; 95% CI: 0.81-1.09; P=0.3775)	4.6 months vs. 4.4 months (HR 0.85; 95% CI: 0.75-0.97; P=0.0161)	62 vs. 62	Grade 3/4 AEs 48 vs. 45
CheckMate-032	I/II	243	Nivolumab vs. Nivolumab + Ipilimumab	No	5.7 months (3.8-7.6) vs. 4.7 months (3.1-8.3)	1.4 months (1.3-1.4) vs. 1.5 months (1.4-2.2)	11.6 vs. 21.9	Grade 3/4 AEs 12.9 vs. 37.5

OS: overall survival; PFS: progression-free survival; ORR: objective responserate; AEs: adverse events.