Figure 2.

Mechanism of sorafenib functions by targeting tumor proliferation, apoptosis, and angiogenesis. AKT, serine/threonine-protein kinase; BRAF, v-Raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B1; EGFR, epidermal-growth-factor receptor; ERK, extracellular signal-regulated kinase; HIF, hypoxia-inducible factor; MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase; MEK, mitogen-activated protein kinase; mTOR, mammalian target of rapamycin; Mcl-1, myeloid cell leukemia sequence 1; PDGF, platelet-derived growth factor; PDGFR, PDGF receptor; PI3K, phosphoinositol 3-kinase; PTEN, phosphatase and tensin homology deleted on chromosome 10; RAF, rapidly accelerated fibrosarcoma; RAF1, v-Raf-1 murine leukemia viral oncogene homolog 1; RAS, rat sarcoma virus; TGFα, tumor growth factor α; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor; VEGFR, VEGF receptor; VHL, von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor gene.