Table 1.

Sociodemographic characteristics of the study participants.

		Total (n=500)		History of dengue exposure				p
				No (n=449)		Yes (n=51)
		No.	%	No.	%	No.	%
Age categories	18 - <25	81	16.2	79	17.6	2	3.9	0.017
	25 - <35	274	54.8	246	54.8	28	54.9
	35–50	145	29.0	124	27.6	21	41.2
Mean ± SD.		32.1 ± 7.2		31.8 ± 7.3		34.3 ± 5.4		t= −3.0 p= 0.009
Sex	Male	477	95.4	426	94.9	51	100.0	0.098
	Female	23	4.6	23	5.1	0	0.0
Residence	Urban	104	20.8	92	20.5	12	23.5	0.612
	Rural	396	79.2	357	79.5	39	76.5
Period of residence	<1 year	9	1.8	9	2.0	0	0.0	0.593
	From 1 to 5 years	20	4.0	18	4.0	2	3.9
	>5 years	471	94.2	422	94.0	49	96.1
Marital status	Single	154	30.8	147	32.7	7	13.7	0.037
	Married	342	68.4	298	66.4	44	86.3
	Widowed	3	0.6	3	0.7	0	0.0
	Divorced	1	0.2	1	0.2	0	0.0
Education	Illiterate	27	5.4	27	6.0	0	0.0	0.002
	Read and write	87	17.4	78	17.4	9	17.6
	Primary school	58	11.6	57	12.7	1	2.0
	Secondary (high) school	189	37.8	158	35.2	31	60.8
	University education	139	27.8	129	28.7	10	19.6
Occupation	Unemployed/ not working	136	27.2	132	29.4	4	7.8	<0.001
	Farmer/ Agriculture work	49	9.8	47	10.5	2	3.9
	Public sector worker	39	7.8	36	8.0	3	5.9
	Professional job	59	11.8	52	11.6	7	13.7
	Craft work	109	21.8	84	18.7	25	49.0
	Retired	3	0.6	3	0.7	0	0.0
	Student	62	12.4	60	13.4	2	3.9
	Housewife	3	0.6	3	0.7	0	0.0
	Auxiliary worker	40	8.0	32	7.1	8	15.7
Socioeconomic standarda	Low (<21)	461	92.2	414	92.2	47	92.2	0.990
	Middle (21–31.5)	39	7.8	35	7.8	4	7.8
Smoking	Never	96	19.2	89	19.8	7	13.7	0.251
	Current smoker	294	58.8	263	58.6	31	60.8
	Ex-smokerb	16	3.2	16	3.6	0	0.0
	Passive smoking	94	18.8	81	18.0	13	25.5
Smoking other than cigarettes	Never	448	89.6	403	89.8	45	88.2	0.736
	Yes, frequent (water pipe, shisha)	52	10.4	46	10.2	6	11.8

SD: Standard deviation.

No history of alcohol intake or substance abuse was reported.

a: socioeconomic standard was calculated according to a scoring system developed by Fahmy and El-Sherbini.

b: includes smoker if quitted less than 1 year ago.