Fig. 1.

Measurement of FTA is defined as the angle between the femoral (①) and tibial (②) anatomical axis, and HKA is defined as the angle between the femoral (③) and tibial (②) mechanical axis. Measurement of KJLO. The angle between the floor (A) and the tangent of the medial/lateral tibial condyles (C) in the full-length standing anteroposterior view of the lower extremity is defined as KJLO. Valgus and varus alignment are defined as positive (※) and negative (※※), respectively. The angle between the floor and distal tibial articular surface (B, B′) is defined as the TPI, wherein the lateral inclination is positive (※) and medial inclination is negative (※※). In most cases, the postoperative TPI changes from a lateral inclination to a neutral alignment. The angle between the tibial plafond and talar dome (B,C) is defined as TT.