TABLE 1.
Participant characteristics
| Characteristics | CRC cases | P a | Controls | P a | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Diabetes | Diabetes | |||||
| No | Yes | No | Yes | |||
| Total | 8639 | 1117 | 9101 | 883 | ||
| Study, n (row %) | <.01 | <.01 | ||||
| CCFR_Australia | 713 (94.1) | 45 (5.9) | 175 (96.2) | 7 (3.8) | ||
| CCFR_Ontario | 1073 (91.3) | 102 (8.7) | 1178 (90.1) | 121 (9.9) | ||
| CCFR_Seattle | 1612 (87.5) | 231 (12.5) | 705 (93.0) | 53 (7.0) | ||
| CPSII | 798 (93.0) | 60 (7.0) | 901 (93.0) | 68 (7.0) | ||
| DACHS | 1879 (81.4) | 430 (18.6) | 2940 (86.0) | 481 (14.0) | ||
| EPIC_Sweden | 142 (96.6) | 5 (3.4) | 384 (99.7) | 1 (0.3) | ||
| HPFS1 | 241 (96.0) | 10 (4.0) | 251 (98.8) | 3 (1.2) | ||
| HPFS2 | 354 (93.7) | 24 (6.3) | 192 (93.7) | 13 (6.3) | ||
| MCCS | 467 (95.3) | 23 (4.7) | 658 (97.6) | 16 (2.4) | ||
| NFCCR | 405 (78.9) | 108 (21.1) | 401 (86.1) | 65 (13.9) | ||
| NHS1 | 204 (95.8) | 9 (4.2) | 749 (97.5) | 19 (2.5) | ||
| NHS2 | 519 (89.5) | 61 (10.5) | 283 (90.1) | 31 (9.9) | ||
| NSHDS | 232 (96.3) | 9 (3.7) | 284 (98.2) | 5 (1.8) | ||
| Age of CRC diagnosis | <.01 | <.01 | ||||
| Mean (range) | 62.57 (20‐96) | 67.27 (27‐90) | 65.75 (20‐102) | 69.74 (27‐97) | ||
| Sex, n (column %) | <.01 | <.01 | ||||
| Female | 4157 (48.1) | 451 (40.4) | 4505 (49.5) | 318 (36) | ||
| Male | 4482 (51.9) | 666 (59.6) | 4596 (50.5) | 565 (64) | ||
| Family history of CRC, n (column%) | <.01 | .38 | ||||
| No | 6594 (76.3) | 902 (80.8) | 7656 (84.1) | 780 (88.3) | ||
| Yes | 1571 (18.2) | 169 (15.1) | 947 (10.4) | 87 (9.9) | ||
| Aspirin, n (column %) | <.01 | <.01 | ||||
| No | 5949 (68.9) | 668 (59.8) | 5404 (59.4) | 446 (50.5) | ||
| Yes | 1976 (22.9) | 412 (36.9) | 2736 (30.1) | 419 (47.5) | ||
| Dietary intake, mean (range) | ||||||
| Energy intake, kcal/day | 2046 (357‐4958) | 2155 (310‐4959) | .01 | 1964 (379‐4958) | 2043 (482‐4684) | .06 |
| Redmeat, servings/day | 0.72 (0‐8) | 0.77 (0‐5) | .01 | 0.67 (0‐8) | 0.75 (0‐5.2) | <.01 |
| Process meat, servings/day | 0.48 (0‐4) | 0.66 (0‐2.9) | <.01 | 0.45 (0‐4) | 0.64 (0‐2.5) | <.01 |
| Vegetable, servings/day | 2.21 (0‐20) | 1.77 (0‐14) | <.01 | 2.24 (0‐18) | 1.76 (0.03‐17) | <.01 |
| Fruit, servings/day | 1.6 (0‐20) | 1.41 (0‐9) | <.01 | 1.69 (0‐20) | 1.36 (0‐11) | <.01 |
| Fiber, g/day | 22.5 (3.2‐80) | 23.4 (5.6‐70.4) | .11 | 22.7 (1.8‐80) | 23.0 (3.8‐80) | .65 |
| Alcohol intake, n (column %) | <.01 | <.01 | ||||
| >28 g/day | 1074 (12.4) | 124 (11.1) | 946 (10.4) | 89 (10.1) | ||
| 1‐28 g/day | 3854 (44.6) | 412 (36.9) | 4624 (50.8) | 393 (44.5) | ||
| Nondrinker | 3135 (36.3) | 539 (48.3) | 3078 (33.8) | 356 (40.3) | ||
| Smoke ever, n (column %) | <.01 | <.01 | ||||
| No | 3597 (41.6) | 419 (37.5) | 4311 (47.4) | 324 (36.7) | ||
| Yes | 4810 (55.7) | 672 (60.2) | 4547 (50) | 533 (60.4) | ||
| Exercise, n (column %) | <.01 | <.01 | ||||
| No | 332 (3.8) | 25 (2.2) | 427 (4.7) | 20 (2.3) | ||
| Yes | 2642 (30.6) | 471 (42.2) | 3892 (42.8) | 532 (60.2) | ||
| BMI, n (%) | <.01 | <.01 | ||||
| Normal | 3096 (35.8) | 157 (14.1) | 3792 (41.7) | 180 (20.4) | ||
| Overweight | 3613 (41.8) | 459 (41.1) | 3778 (41.5) | 396 (44.8) | ||
| Obese | 1632 (18.9) | 469 (42) | 1307 (14.4) | 287 (32.5) | ||
| Stage, n (%) | .19 | |||||
| Stage 1 or local | 1746 (20.2) | 219 (19.6) | — | — | ||
| Stage 2/3 or regional | 4735 (54.8) | 687 (61.5) | — | — | ||
| Stage 4 or distant | 928 (10.7) | 124 (11.1) | — | — | ||
| Site, n (%) | .02 | |||||
| Proximal | 3173 (36.7) | 460 (41.2) | — | — | ||
| Distal | 2525 (29.2) | 298 (26.7) | — | — | ||
| Rectal | 2759 (31.9) | 339 (30.3) | — | — | ||
| BRAF, n (%) | .02 | — | ||||
| Wildtype | 7053 (81.6) | 906 (81.1) | — | — | ||
| Mutated | 937 (10.8) | 149 (13.3) | — | — | ||
| KRAS, n (%) | .74 | — | ||||
| Wildtype | 4675 (54.1) | 603 (54) | — | — | ||
| Mutated | 2315 (26.8) | 306 (27.4) | — | — | ||
| MSI, n (%) | .92 | — | ||||
| Non MSI‐high | 6843 (79.2) | 877 (78.5) | — | — | ||
| MSI‐high | 1152 (13.3) | 149 (13.3) | — | — | ||
| CIMP, n (%) | .49 | — | ||||
| Low/negative | 5741 (66.5) | 737 (66) | — | — | ||
| High | 1162 (13.5) | 159 (14.2) | — | — | ||
a
P‐values from a χ 2 test for categorical variables and ANOVA for continuous variables.