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. 2022 May 10;41(13):e110031. doi: 10.15252/embj.2021110031

Figure 2. The dynamic role of autophagy in oncogenesis.

Figure 2

Autophagy can inhibit tumor initiation through efficient removal of damaged mitochondria, which reduces glycolysis, ROS levels, and DNA damage. Autophagy supports later stage tumor growth by promoting metabolic remodeling, inhibiting apoptosis and anoikis, and suppressing anti‐tumor immunity (see text for details).