Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of CAPRISA 082 participants stratified by site and PrEP initiation
| Urban | Rural | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total % (N) | Total % (N) | Initiated PrEP % (N) | RR of PrEP initiation (95% CI) | Total % (N) | Initiated PrEP % (N) | RR of PrEP initiation (95% CI) | ||
| Overall | 100 (425) | 100 (166) | 35.5 (59) | – | 100 (259) | 78.4 (203) | – | |
| Age | 18–24 | 67.3 (286) | 75.9 (126) | 35.7 (45) | 1.02 (0.63–1.65) | 61.8 (160) | 75.6 (121) | 0.91 (0.81–1.04) |
| 25–30 | 32.7 (139) | 24.1 (40) | 35 (14) | 1.00 | 38.2 (99) | 82.8 (82) | 1.00 | |
| Education | Less than secondary | 31.1 (132) | 19.3 (32) | 31.3 (10) | 0.85 (0.49–1.50) | 38.6 (100) | 79 (79) | 1.01 (0.89–1.15) |
| Secondary or higher | 68.9 (293) | 80.7 (134) | 36.6 (49) | 1.00 | 61.4 (159) | 78 (124) | 1.00 | |
| Employment | Yes | 5.9 (25) | 2.5 (4) | 0 (0) | – | 8.1 (21) | 81 (17) | 1.04 (0.83–1.29) |
| No | 94.1 (396) | 97.5 (158) | 36.7 (58) | – | 91.9 (238) | 78.2 (186) | 1.00 | |
| Stable partner | Yes | 94.4 (401) | 91.6 (152) | 34.9 (53) | 0.81 (0.43–1.55) | 96.1 (249) | 78.3 (195) | 0.98 (0.71–1.34) |
| No | 5.6 (24) | 8.4 (14) | 42.9 (6) | 1.00 | 3.9 (10) | 80 (8) | 1.00 | |
| Married | Yes | 1.9 (8) | 0.6 (1) | 0 (0) | – | 2.7 (7) | 100 (7) | 1.29 (1.20–1.37) d |
| No | 98.1 (417) | 99.4 (165) | 35.8 (59) | – | 97.3 (252) | 77.8 (196) | 1.00 | |
| Casual partner | Yes | 5.2 (22) | 8.4 (14) | 57.1 (8) | 1.70 (1.03–2.82) d | 3.1 (8) | 75 (6) | 0.96 (0.64–1.43) |
| No | 94.8 (403) | 91.6 (152) | 33.6 (51) | 1.00 | 96.9 (251) | 78.5 (197) | 1.00 | |
| Partner age difference | Partner <5 years older or partner younger | 73.1 (307) | 74.2 (121) | 35.5 (43) | 1.00 | 72.4 (186) | 80.1 (149) | 1.00 |
| Partner 5–10 years older | 23.3 (98) | 22.1 (36) | 30.6 (11) | 0.86 (0.50–1.49) | 24.1 (62) | 74.2 (46) | 0.93 (0.79–1.09) | |
| Partner >10 years older | 3.6 (15) | 3.7 (6) | 83.3 (5) | 2.34 (1.52–3.61) d | 3.5 (9) | 77.8 (7) | 0.97 (0.68–1.39) | |
| Partner HIV positive | Yes | 2.9 (12) | 2.5 (4) | 0 (0) | – | 3.1 (8) | 100 (8) | 1.27 (1.18–1.36) d |
| No | 75.3 (317) | 80.9 (131) | 37.4 (49) | 1.00 | 71.8 (186) | 79 (147) | 1.00 | |
| Don't know | 21.9 (92) | 16.7 (27) | 37 (10) | 0.99 (0.58–1.70) | 25.1 (65) | 73.8 (48) | 0.93 (0.79–1.10) | |
| Partner circumcised | Yes | 57.6 (242) | 65.2 (105) | 38.1 (40) | 1.00 | 52.9 (137) | 78.8 (108) | 1.00 |
| No | 36.4 (153) | 32.3 (52) | 30.8 (16) | 0.81 (0.50–1.30) | 39 (101) | 76.2 (77) | 0.97 (0.84–1.11) | |
| Don't know | 6 (25) | 2.5 (4) | 75 (3) | 1.97 (1.06–3.65) d | 8.1 (21) | 85.7 (18) | 1.09 (0.89–1.32) | |
| Partner migrant worker a | Yes | 20.6 (64) | 4 (5) | 40 (2) | 1.22 (0.40–3.68) | 31.7 (59) | 74.6 (44) | 0.95 (0.80–1.13) |
| No | 79.4 (246) | 96 (119) | 32.8 (39) | 1.00 | 68.3 (127) | 78.7 (100) | 1.00 | |
| Age of sexual debut | <18 | 38.8 (163) | 39.8 (66) | 34.8 (23) | 0.97 (0.64–1.47) | 38.2 (97) | 75.3 (73) | 0.95 (0.82–1.09) |
| > = 18 | 61.2 (257) | 60.2 (100) | 36 (36) | 1.00 | 61.8 (157) | 79.6 (125) | 1.00 | |
| Lifetime # sexual partners | 1 partner | 29.4 (124) | 22.9 (38) | 23.7 (9) | 1.00 | 33.6 (86) | 77.9 (67) | 1.00 |
| 2 partners | 31.8 (134) | 26.5 (44) | 34.1 (15) | 1.44 (0.71–2.91) | 35.2 (90) | 75.6 (68) | 0.97 (0.82–1.14) | |
| 3+ partners | 38.9 (164) | 50.6 (84) | 41.7 (35) | 1.76 (0.94–3.28) | 31.3 (80) | 83.8 (67) | 1.07 (0.93–1.25) | |
| Male/female condom use | Sometimes/always | 78 (329) | 91.5 (151) | 35.1 (53) | 0.82 (0.43–1.56) | 69.3 (178) | 78.1 (139) | 0.98 (0.85–1.12) |
| Never | 22 (93) | 8.5 (14) | 42.9 (6) | 1.00 | 30.7 (79) | 79.7 (63) | 1.00 | |
| Perceived risk of HIV | No/low risk | 42 (178) | 53.3 (88) | 30.7 (27) | 1.00 | 34.7 (90) | 80 (72) | 1.00 |
| Some/high risk | 58 (246) | 46.7 (77) | 40.3 (31) | 1.31 (0.87–1.99) | 65.3 (169) | 77.5 (131) | 0.97 (0.85–1.10) | |
| Are you on a non‐barrier contraceptive | Yes | 67.5 (286) | 66.9 (111) | 37.8 (42) | 1.22 (0.77–1.94) | 67.8 (175) | 77.7 (136) | 0.98 (0.85–1.12) |
| No | 32.5 (138) | 33.1 (55) | 30.9 (17) | 1.00 | 32.2 (83) | 79.5 (66) | 1.00 | |
| Ever used contraceptive pill | Yes | 15.8 (67) | 17.6 (29) | 27.6 (8) | 0.75 (0.40–1.41) | 14.7 (38) | 92.1 (35) | 1.21 (1.08–1.36) d |
| No | 84.2 (357) | 82.4 (136) | 36.8 (50) | 1.00 | 85.3 (221) | 76 (168) | 1.00 | |
| Bacterial vaginosis b | Present | 56.4 (232) | 54.5 (90) | 32.2 (29) | 0.81 (0.54–1.21) | 57.7 (142) | 78.9 (112) | 1.00 (0.88–1.14) |
| Absent | 43.6 (179) | 45.5 (75) | 40.0 (30) | 1.00 | 42.3 (104) | 78.9 (82) | 1.00 | |
| STI detected c | Yes | 22.4 (93) | 16.3 (27) | 33.3 (9) | 0.93 (0.52–1.65) | 26.5 (66) | 78.8 (52) | 1.01 (0.87–1.17) |
| No | 77.6 (322) | 83.7 (139) | 36 (50) | 1.00 | 73.5 (183) | 78.1 (143) | 1.00 | |
| Time of PrEP initiation | At enrolment | 84.0 (220) | 55.9 (33) | 92.1 (187) | ||||
| After enrolment | 16.0 (42) | 44.1 (26) | 7.9 (16) | |||||
a
Migrant worker is a person who moves to another country or area in order to find employment. One hundred and fifteen participants did not respond to this question.
b
Fourteen results bacterial vaginosis tests not done.
c
STIs comprised trichomoniasis, chlamydia and gonorrhoea. Ten missing STI results.
d
p‐value<0.05.