Figure 4.

Model solutions for severe COVID-19 symptoms depending on typical age-related risk factors

(A–F) Time courses of (A) viral load [V], (B) infected cells [I], (C) type-I helper T cells [Th1], (D) T follicular helper cells [Tfh], (E) cytotoxic T lymphocytes at infection sites [CTL_R], and (F) immunoglobulin [Ig] in patients with various age-related risk factors. Five age-related risk factors, 90% APC activity (model 1), 80% APC activity (model 2), 50% reduction in IFN1 signaling (model 3), no IFN1 signaling (model 4), and 10% [CD8⁺T₀] (model 5) were examined. Parameters used in these models are listed in the STAR MethodsTable 4.