Table 1.
Clinical characteristics in pregnant women between GDM and Non-GDM
| Features | Overall(N = 28,030) | Non-GDM(N = 23,361) | GDM(N = 4669) | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maternal age, years, mean ± SD | 31.01 ± 4.12 | 30.71 ± 4.03 | 32.51 ± 4.25 | < 0.001 |
| < 30, years, n (%) | 11,235 (40.08) | 10,016 (42.87) | 1219 (26.11) | < 0.001 |
| 30–34, years, n (%) | 11,155 (39.80) | 9188 (39.33) | 1967 (42.13) | |
| 35–39, years, n (%) | 4752 (16.95) | 3567 (15.27) | 1185 (25.38) | |
| ≥ 40, years, n (%) | 888 (3.17) | 590 (2.53) | 298 (6.38) | |
| Pregestational BMI, kg/m2, mean ± SD | 20.73 ± 2.41 | 20.62 ± 2.37 | 21.31 ± 2.52 | < 0.001 |
| < 24 kg/m2, n (%) | 25,485 (90.92) | 21,437 (91.76) | 4048 (86.70) | < 0.001 |
| ≥ 24 kg/m2, n (%) | 2545 (9.08) | 1924 (8.24) | 621 (13.30) | |
| First trimester FPG, mmol/L, mean ± SD | 4.62 ± 0.37 | 4.59 ± 0.36 | 4.75 ± 0.43 | < 0.001 |
| < 4.2 mmol/L,n(%) | 2812 (10.03) | 2510 (10.74) | 302 (6.47) | < 0.001 |
| 4.2–4.4 mmol/L, n (%) | 6306 (22.50) | 5468 (23.41) | 838 (17.95) | |
| 4.5–4.7 mmol/L, n (%) | 8802 (31.40) | 7603 (32.55) | 1199 (25.68) | |
| 4.8–4.9 mmol/L, n (%) | 6110 (21.80) | 4998 (21.39) | 1112 (23.82) | |
| 5.0–5.2 mmol/L, n (%) | 2773 (9.89) | 2054 (8.79) | 719 (15.40) | |
| 5.3–5.5 mmol/L, n (%) | 859 (3.06) | 540 (2.31) | 319 (6.83) | |
| ≥ 5.6 mmol/L,n(%) | 368 (1.31) | 188 (0.80) | 180 (3.86) | |
| OGTT at 24 ~ 28 gestational weeks | ||||
| 0 h OGTT, mmol/L, mean ± SD | 4.35 ± 0.39 | 4.29 ± 0.32 | 4.64 ± 0.54 | < 0.001 |
| 1 h OGTT, mmol/L, mean ± SD | 7.446 ± 1.59 | 7.11 ± 1.31 | 9.20 ± 1.73 | < 0.001 |
| 2 h OGTT, mmol/L, mean ± SD | 6.62 ± 1.30 | 6.32 ± 1.00 | 8.12 ± 1.55 | < 0.001 |
*The category of the first-trimester FPG was according to the HAPO study