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. 2022 Jul 4;19:173. doi: 10.1186/s12974-022-02532-9

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 3 — Repopulated microglia show similar recruitment to plaques but exhibit changes in homeostatic markers. Flow cytometry revealed no significant difference in microglia internalization of MeX04 in the two groups but showed a trend toward a higher percentage of MeX04⁺ microglia with PLX treatment (A). Microglial levels of P2RY12 (B) were significantly lower, while TMEM119 levels (C) were mildly elevated in PLX-repopulated group compared to the control. Representative immunofluorescent 40× images of the subiculum in the control and PLX-repopulated groups showing microglia (Iba1, magenta) and CD68 (green) in the first cohort of 3xTg mice (D). Representative immunofluorescent 20× images of the CA1 in the control and PLX-repopulated groups showing P2RY12 (red) in the second cohort of 3xTg mice (E). Scale bars represent 200 µm. Microglia in both cohorts showed no difference in their recruitment to plaque (F, J) as well as their total coverage (G, K) between control and PLX-repopulated groups. Levels of CD68, a marker of activated microglia, were slightly lower in the PLX-treated group in the subiculum (H) but not in the CA1 (I). The intensity of P2RY12, a homeostatic maker of microglia, was similar between treatments in the subiculum (L) but showed a trend toward being lower in the PLX-repopulated group in the CA1 region (M) as analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Student’s t-test (Welch’s corrections for A and C), ***p < 0.001. Data are presented as mean ± SEM (Cohort 1: n = 9–11; Cohort 2: n = 7)