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Curcumenol inhibits the inflammatory pathways, especially the TNF signaling pathway in NP cells in vitro and lumbar spine instability mouse model in vivo. In general, it inhibits the up-regulation of TRAF3 induced by TNFα, and the subsequent phosphorylation and activation of IκBα with P65. Finally, it prevents the following activation of inflammatory factors like MMP families. Created with BioRender.com
