Table 1.

Approximate Sample Sizes for the Three Databases Used in the Analysis.

Database and Claim Type	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017
Number of covered lives
APCD—Enrollment (distinct members)	843,394	891,647	1,049,479	1,213,556	1,549,301	1,775,887	1,840,571	1,882,852
Number of claims in sample used in analysis
APCD—Medical	9,862,742	10,943,442	15,230,809	16,928,083	21,029,142	25,466,675	26,719,573	27,902,642
APCD—Prescription	12,152,028	13,042,661	12,608,940	13,844,431	20,091,790	22,376,246	23,464,471	21,342,530
CHA—Inpatient	150,002	181,708	183,073	186,780	194,867	216,959	194,084	203,171
CHA—ED			262	533,818	565,241	637,633	675,668	641,963
PDMP				8,403,914	8,780,577	9,037,620	8,842,955	8,434,774

Note. The APCD enrollment numbers in this table do not represent the full APCD. Our data consist of adults aged 21 to 64 with certain conditions that might be treated with opioids. We also drop a small number of members with inconsistent scrambled patient identifiers where the APCD could not uniquely identify these individuals across payers. CHA and the PDMP effectively represent the entire population of Colorado, which is currently about 5.7 million people. The CHA counts presented here are a subset of their entire database for claims with opioid-related ED or inpatient visits. The PDMP contains information on prescriptions for scheduled drugs, a subset of all prescription drugs. CHA ED and PDMP are only available from 2013 to 2017. APCD = Colorado’s All-Payer Claims Database; CHA = Colorado Hospital Association; ED = emergency department; PDMP = Prescription Drug Monitoring Database.