TABLE 12.

Robust test by estimation using the OLS model.

Variable	(1)	(2)	(3)	(4)	(5)	(6)	(7)	(8)
	BA	SM	VM	SMI	CHI	PP	CC	LA
Panel A: Current effect
FL	0.0250*** (7.2962)	0.0202*** (6.2112)	0.0244*** (7.3304)	0.0040* (1.6485)	0.0082*** (2.9900)	0.0077** (2.1668)	0.0191*** (5.3832)	0.0563*** (12.7404)
Controls	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Province dummies	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
N	20,577	20,577	20,577	20,577	20,577	20,577	20,577	20,577
R 2	0.1214	0.2153	0.2356	0.0320	0.0673	0.1259	0.2493	0.1453
Panel B: Long-term effect
FL	0.0061** (2.2018)	0.0180*** (4.8191)	0.0238*** (6.3057)	0.0010 (0.3868)	0.0172*** (5.4548)	0.0385*** (12.4869)	0.0153*** (3.6790)	0.0338*** (6.4434)
Controls	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Province dummies	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
N	13,869	13,869	13,869	13,869	13,869	13,869	13,869	13,869
R 2	0.0364	0.1582	0.1798	0.0104	0.0496	0.0884	0.2067	0.0987
Panel C: Dynamic effect
FL	0.0177*** (3.8051)	0.0014** (2.0996)	0.0019** (2.2357)	−0.0026 (−0.7448)	0.0068* (1.8341)	0.0336*** (7.8148)	0.0013** (2.2670)	0.0234*** (3.5679)
Controls	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Province dummies	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
N	13,869	13,869	13,869	13,869	13,869	13,869	13,869	13,869
R 2	0.0606	0.0168	0.0158	0.0049	0.0087	0.0241	0.0045	0.0119

This table presents regression results for the robust test by estimation using the OLS model. The dependent variable is shown above each column. Controls include GENDER, AGE, AGE2, EDU, MAR, HEALTH, FL, OLD, CHILD, FS, RL, RA, HO, OH, TA, TI. Standard errors are single-clustered by community level and T-statistics, which are shown in parentheses. Variable definitions are presented in Supplementary Table 1. *, **, and *** indicate significance at the 10, 5, and 1% levels, respectively.