Table 1.
Examples of end-to-end chromosome fusions reported in plant species
| Taxon | 2n | Family | Estimated no. of EEFs | Method: references |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Eudicots | ||||
| Daucus carota | 18 | Apiaceae | 2 | G: Song et al. (2021) |
| Betulaceae | 16, 22 | Betulaceae | 1–7 | G: Li et al. (2021b) |
| Arabidopsis thaliana | 10 | Brassicaceae | 1 | C/G: Hu et al. (2011), Lysak (2014), Wang et al. (2015b) |
| Biscutella laevigata | 18 | Brassicaceae | ND | C/G: Geiser et al. (2016) |
| Boechereae (min. 5 genera) | 14 (21, 28) | Brassicaceae | 1 | C: Mandáková et al. (2015) |
| Brassica rapa | 20 | Brassicaceae | ND | G: Cheng et al. (2013) |
| Camelina neglecta | 12 | Brassicaceae | 1 | C: Mandáková et al. (2019) |
| Pugionium spp. | 22 | Brassicaceae | ND | C/G: Hu et al. (2021) |
| Origin of ancestral PCK (n = 7) genome from ancPCK (n = 8) | 14 | Brassicaceae | 1 | C: Mandáková et al. (2018) |
| Origin of ancestral karyotype of clade E (n = 7) from n = 8 genome | 14 | Brassicaceae | 1 | C: Mandáková et al. (2017a) |
| Microlepidieae (many genera) | 8–48 | Brassicaceae | 3 (Arabidella trisecta) 4 (Pachycladon spp.) ND (mult. spp.) |
C: Mandáková et al. (2010a, 2010b, 2017b) |
| Ricotia aucheri | 28 | Brassicaceae | 1 | C: Mandáková et al. (2018) |
| Cardamine cordifolia | 24 | Brassicaceae | 4 | C: Mandáková et al. (2016) |
| Megadenia pygmaea | 12 | Brassicaceae | 1 | C: Guo et al. (2021); G: Yang et al. (2021) |
| Cucumis sativus | 14 | Cucurbitaceae | 1 | C: Zhao et al. (2021) |
| Monocots | ||||
| Ancestral n = 8 genome, Cocos nucifera | 32 | Arecaceae | 2 + 5 | G: Wang et al. (2021c) |
| Spirodela intermedia | 36 | Lemnaceae | 1 | C: Hoang and Schubert (2017) |
| Aegilops tauschii | 14 | Poaceae | 1 | G: Luo et al. (2017) |
Listed are only EEF events documented by comparative (cyto)genomic analyses as of 2010 (author’s compilation). Note that the number of EEFs detected is actually higher. However, many of the published EEF events are referred to as chromosome fusions without specifying whether they resulted from EEF or Robertsonian translocation. The last column shows the method used to infer EEF: C (cytogenomics), G (genome sequence assembly).