Table 2.
A summary of the findings of the included studies.
|
First
author |
Year | Country |
Type of study |
Number of participants |
Mean age intervention (±SD) |
Hypertensive disorder of pregnancy |
Educational intervention type |
The time of intervention |
Association of educational intervention on knowledge about hypertensive disorders of pregnancy |
Obstetrics outcome overall |
Obstetrics outcome (intervenrion) (±SD) |
Obstetrics outcome (control) (±SD) |
P -value |
Non obstetrics outcome |
Obstetrics outcome (intervenrion) (±SD) |
Obstetrics outcome (control) (±SD) |
P -value | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Parsa | 2019 | Iran | RCT | 108 | 27.93±5.1 | Pre- eclampsia |
A mobile-based educational application | 12 weeks | Yes | Knowledge about the symptoms, signs and complications of preeclampsia increased and adverse effects were reduced. |
HDP Knowledge score: Before: 14.84±17.55 After: 78.08 ±14.19 |
HDPKnowledge score: Before: 14.56±17.55 After: 15.75±19.49 |
0.94 | A mobile-based educational application improved health recovery and managing the condition, enhanced participation in preventive behaviors. | No statistics reported | No statistics reported | No statistics reported | (11) |
| Gingras-Charland | 2018 | Canada | RCT | 362 | 28.9±.6 | Pre- eclampsia |
An informative pamphlet, a video, and a pictographic magnet | 4 weeks | Yes | Significant increase in knowledge about risk factors, symptoms, complications for the fetus or newborn and complications for mother and treatments. | HDPKnowledge scores: 70.1±19.2 |
HDPKnowledge scores: 51.1±23.4 |
<0.001 | Educational intervention raised satisfaction and had no significant effects on the level of anxiety. |
Anxiety: 2.40 ± 1.07 Satisfaction : 5.1±0.7 | Anxiety: 2.53 ± 0.95 Satisfaction: between 1.7 and 3.8 |
P-values Anxiety: <0.001 satisfaction: 0.007 |
(24) |
| Yuan P | 2018 | China | RCT | 90 | 34.4±4.3 | Gestational hypertensive disease | Prenatal health education and nutrition interventions (More emphasis is placed on using interpretative, encouraging, persuasive language to explain relevant knowledge to patients and clarify their necessity.) | Not reported | Yes | Systolic and diastolic blood pressure decreased significantly and adverse consequences were reduced. |
Systolic blood pressure: 134±3 Diastolic blood pressure: 83±2 |
Systolic blood pressure: 148±5 Diastolic blood pressure: 95±1 |
P < 0.05 | Prenatal health education and nutrition interventions caused weight gain of pregnant women, raised satisfaction, maintained personal health, improved comfort and prognosis and quality of life. |
weight gain: Low level: 3(6.7%) Normal level: 40(88.9%) High level: 2(4.4%) Satisfaction: 93.3% |
weight gain: Low level: 10(22.2%) Normal level: 24(53.3%) High level: 11(24.4%) Satisfaction 71.1% |
P-values (weight and satisfaction) <0.05 |
(25) |
| K. Alnuaim | 2020 | Jordan | RCT | 113 | 29.87 | Pre- eclampsia | An interventional programabout preeclampsia on high-risk preeclampsia Jordanian women's awareness and pregnancy outcomes (using PowerPoint and a data show projector using interactive images and conversation to educate participants in each group about the selected topics) | 12 weeks | Yes | Promote Apgar score/ significant decrease in diastolic blood pressure/ no significant differences in terms of gestational age, newborn weight, systolic blood pressure, mode of birth, NICU admission, mother newborn status (dead or alive) and the final diagnosis/ improve awareness about preeclampsia complication, risk factors, signs and symptoms, prevention, management and preeclampsia definition/ better perfusion and performance of placentas. | Apgar score (1st min): 6.82± 1.42 Apgar score(5th min):8.32±0.95 systolic blood pressure: 116 ±18.8 diastolic blood pressure: 74 ±11.4 |
Apgar score(1st min): 6.05±1.63 Apgar score(5th min): 7.82 ±1.31 systolic blood pressure: 117 ±19.2 diastolic blood pressure: 79±13.1 |
p-value apgar score(1st min): 0.008 p-value apgar(5 st min): 0.024 p-value systolic blood pressure : 0.942 p-value diastolic blood pressure : 0.019 |
Total awareness increased significantly in interventional group | Total awareness: Before: 13.228±5.19 After: 27.122 ± 4.157 |
Total awareness: Before: 11.267 ±9.27 After: 11.5 ± 8.115 |
P-value (total awareness)= 0.00 | (26) |
| Nadine Sauvé, MD | 2008 | Canada | RCT | 100 | 29.71 | Pre- eclampsia | Educational pamphlet | Not reported | Yes | Significant increase in knowledge about risk factors, symptoms, fetal complications, maternal complications and treatment. | Knowledge about fetal complications: 94% Knowledge about Maternal complications of death : 84% Knowledge about delivery treatment : 90% Knowledge about Antihypertensive: 84% |
Knowledge about fetal complications: 86% Knowledge about Maternal complications of death 41% Knowledge about delivery treatment : 78% Knowledge about Antihypertensive: 78% |
P-value fetal complications : 0.19 p-value Knowledge about Maternal complications of death : <0.01 p-value Knowledge about delivery treatment : 0.09 p-value Knowledge about Antihypertensive: 0.39 |
Educational pamphlet decreased level of anxiety about baby's health, increased level of anxiety about mother's health, raised satisfaction. | Anxiety field of mother's health: 3.90 Anxiety field of baby's physical health: 4.70 |
Anxiety field of mother's health: 3.73 Anxiety field of baby's physical health: 4.87 |
p-value Mother's health: 0.54 p-value Baby's physical health: 0.52 |
(27) |
| Maria Parfenova, MD | 2020 | Canada | RCT | 137 | 30.9 | preeclampsia, eclampsia, gestational hypertension, and pre-existing hypertension | educational pamphlet | 68 weeks | Yes | Knowledge about risk for future pregnancy improved and global knowledge score raised. |
Global knowledge score (before): 69.4% Global knowledge score (after 1 months) :88.2% Knowledge about future pregnancy (before): 64.6% Knowledge about future pregnancy (after 1 months): 87.6% |
Global knowledge score (before): 71.4% Global knowledge score (after 1 months) : 71.3% Knowledge about future pregnancy (before): 65.9% Knowledge about future pregnancy (after 1 months): 67.9% |
P-value Global knowledge <0.0001 | Educational pamphlet improved knowledge about risk for future health, increased risk perception of heart disease, but no difference for hypertension or stroke, raised satisfaction and had no effect on the level of anxiety. | Knowledge about risk perception of heart disease (before) : 4.0 ± 0.78 Knowledge about risk perception of heart disease (after): 4.3 ± 0.94 satisfaction: 5.6 ± 0.66 Anxiety (before): 3.7 ± 1.0 Anxiety (after): 3.8 ± 1.0 |
Knowledge about risk perception of heart disease (before) 3.9 ±1.14 Knowledge about risk perception of heart disease (after): 4.0 ± 0.97 satisfaction: 3.6 ± 1.33 Anxiety (before): 3.9 ± 1.1 Anxiety (after): 4.0 ± 1.0 |
p-value increased risk perception of heart disease: 0.036 p-value satisfiction < 0.0001 p-value anxiety : 0.6746 | (28) |