Table 3.
Summary of small-molecule modulators in ferroptosis-related diseases
| Drug | Mechanism | Targets | Refs. |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ferrostatin 1 | Inhibits lipid peroxidation | Doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy, myocardial I–R injury, TAC-induced cardiomyopathy, heart transplantation, atherosclerosis, sepsis‑induced cardiomyopathy, palmitic acid-induced myocardial injury, atrial fibrillation | 6,28,157,200,204,208,213,222,226 |
| Liproxstatin 1 | Inhibits lipid peroxidation | Myocardial I–R injury, palmitic acid-induced myocardial injury, diabetic cardiomyopathy | 158,225,226 |
| Nec-1f | Inhibits necroptosis and ferroptosis | Heart transplantation | 229 |
| UAMC-3203 | Inhibits lipid peroxidation | Multiorgan dysfunction | 224 |
| Dexrazoxane | Inhibits iron overload | Doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy, myocardial I–R injury, sepsis‑induced cardiomyopathy | 6,208 |
| Deferoxamine | Inhibits iron overload | Myocardial I–R injury | 45,232 |
| Deferiprone | Inhibits iron overload | Sepsis‑induced cardiomyopathy | 208 |
| Zinc protoporphyrin IX | Inhibits HO1 | Doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy | 6 |
| MitoTEMPO | Scavenges mitochondrial ROS | Doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy | 6 |
| Mito-FerroGreen | Inhibits mitochondrial iron overload | Doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy | 200 |
| Compound 968 | Inhibits glutaminolysis | Myocardial I–R injury | 45 |
| N-Acetyl cysteine | Glutathione precursor | Myocardial I–R injury in diabetes | 203 |
| Vas2870 | Inhibits NOX2 | Myocardial I–R injury in diabetes | 203 |
| Acadesine | Activates AMPK | Myocardial I–R injury in diabetes | 203 |
| Sulforaphane | Activates NRF2 | Diabetic cardiomyopathy | 158 |
| Dexmedetomidine | Activates GPX4 | Sepsis‑induced cardiomyopathy | 207 |
| Salubrinal | Inhibits ER stress | Myocardial I–R injury in diabetes | 204 |
| P22077 | Inhibits the p53–TFR1 pathway | Myocardial I–R injury | 236 |
| Puerarin | Unknown | Heart failure | 210 |
| Atorvastatin | Inhibits ferritinophagy | Isoprenaline-induced cardiomyopathy | 237 |
AMPK, AMP-activated protein kinase; ER, endoplasmic reticulum; GPX4, glutathione peroxidase 4; HO1, haem oxygenase 1; I–R, ischaemia–reperfusion; NOX2, NADPH oxidase 2; NRF2, nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2; ROS, reactive oxygen species; TAC, transverse aortic constriction; TFR1, transferrin receptor 1.