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. 2022 Feb 22;29(32):48573–48587. doi: 10.1007/s11356-022-19251-6

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 8 — Photomicrographs of coronal sections in the hypothalamus of male rats. A Section from control rat, showing normal structure of the hypothalamus neurons (black arrows) and astrocytes (yellow arrows). Arrowheads indicate ependymal cells of the third ventricle (3 V). B, C Sections from GbE and LC-treated rats, respectively, showing normal hypothalamus neurons (white arrows) and astrocytes (yellow arrows). D, E Sections from PTZ-treated rats, showing large number of degenerated neurons (white arrows) and diffuse vacuolar degeneration (V). Arrowheads point at scattered ependymal cells of the third ventricle (3 V) and hyper-chromatic astrocytes with vacuolated cytoplasm (yellow arrows). F Section from GbE + PTZ-treated rat, showing mild diffuse vacuolar degeneration (V) and mild number of degenerated neurons (white arrows). G Section from LC + PTZ-treated rat, showing few neurons with diffuse vacuolar degeneration (V), some degenerated neurons (white arrows), and some hyper-chromatic microglial cells (arrowheads). H Section from PTZ + GbE-treated rat, showing more or less normal neurons (white arrows) and normal astrocytes (yellow arrows). I Section from PTZ + LC-treated rat, showing a few numbers of neurons with shrunken nuclei and perinuclear vacuolization (black arrows) (H&E, X400)