Table 1.
A Characteristics of baseline data, B oocyte retrieval cycle and embryo transfer index, and C neonatal outcomes.
| CON | EMs | P1 | OE | Non-OE | P2 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A | ||||||
| Number of people | 1004 | 708 | / | 385 | 323 | / |
| Maternal age (years) | 29.6 ± 3.5 | 33.4 ± 4.4 | <0.001 | 32.7 ± 4.1 | 34.2 ± 4.6 | <0.001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 21.0 ± 1.5 | 21.0 ± 3.0 | ns | 21.0 ± 3.0 | 21.1 ± 3.1 | ns |
| Paternal age (years) | 31.6 ± 4.6 | 35.0 ± 5.2 | <0.001 | 34.2 ± 4.8 | 36.1 ± 5.4 | <0.001 |
| Infertility duration (years) | 2.82 ± 2.2 | 3.32 ± 2.8 | 0.001 | 2.97 ± 2.4 | 3.73 ± 3.2 | <0.001 |
| Parity | <0.001 | ns | ||||
| 0 | 997 (99.3) | 664 (93.8) | / | 357 (92.7) | 307 (95.0) | / |
| >0 | 7 (0.7) | 44 (6.2) | / | 28 (7.3) | 16 (5.0) | / |
| FET cycle rank | 1.4 ± 0.8 | 1.8 ± 1.2 | <0.001 | 1.7 ± 1.1 | 1.9 ± 1.3 | 0.01 |
| FET endometrial preparation | <0.001 | ns | ||||
| Natural cycle | 254 (25.3) | 236 (33.3) | / | 129 (33.5) | 107 (33.1) | / |
| Artifcial cycle | 750 (74.7) | 472 (66.7) | / | 256 (66.5) | 216 (66.9) | / |
| Endometrial thickness (mm) | 11.1 ± 2.3 | 10.8 ± 2.4 | ns | 10.9 ± 2.4 | 10.7 ± 2.3 | ns |
| Endometrial thickness grouping | ns | ns | ||||
| <8 mm | 40 (4.0) | 39 (5.5) | / | 21 (5.5) | 18 (5.6) | / |
| 8~11 mm | 516 (51.4) | 390 (55.1) | / | 204 (53.0) | 186 (57.6) | / |
| >11 mm | 448 (44.6) | 279 (39.4) | / | 160 (41.6) | 119 (36.8) | / |
| Basal FSH (IU/L) | 5.53 ± 2.0 | 7.49 ± 5.7 | <0.001 | 7.46 ± 5.4 | 7.54 ± 6.0 | ns |
| Basal LH (IU/L) | 5.95 ± 6.2 | 6.17 ± 7.5 | ns | 6.47 ± 7.6 | 5.83 ± 7.3 | ns |
| Basal E2 (pg/ml) | 59.3 ± 61.0 | 74.6 ± 76.9 | <0.001 | 79.6 ± 80.9 | 68.6 ± 71.5 | ns |
| Number of antral follicles | 10.3 ± 8.1 | 5.0 ± 5.8 | <0.001 | 4.5 ± 5.4 | 5.5 ± 6.2 | 0.016 |
| B | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number of people | 1004 | 708 | / | 385 | 323 | / |
| Total number of follicles | 5.5 ± 6.6 | 2.9 ± 4.2 | <0.001 | 2.7 ± 3.6 | 3.2 ± 4.8 | ns |
| Number of follicles >10 mm | 1.5 ± 1.6 | 1.1 ± 1.2 | <0.001 | 1.0 ± 1.0 | 1.1 ± 1.4 | ns |
| Number of follicles >10 mm | 1.1 ± 1.1 | 0.8 ± 0.8 | <0.001 | 0.8 ± 0.8 | 0.9 ± 0.9 | ns |
| Number of follicles punctured | 18.9 ± 11.0 | 11.3 ± 9.2 | <0.001 | 10.6 ± 9.1 | 12.1 ± 9.2 | 0.025 |
| Number of retrieved oocytes | 13.9 ± 7.9 | 7.9 ± 5.8 | <0.001 | 7.6 ± 5.5 | 8.3 ± 6.1 | ns |
| Rate of retrieved oocytes | 0.75 ± 0.23 | 0.71 ± 0.23 | 0.004 | 0.71 ± 0.23 | 0.71 ± 0.23 | ns |
| Total number of mature oocytes | 11.5 ± 6.6 | 6.8 ± 4.6 | <0.001 | 6.49 ± 4.1 | 7.08 ± 5.1 | ns |
| Fertilization method | <0.001 | ns | ||||
| IVF | 34 (3.4) | 555 (78.4) | / | 308 (80.0) | 247 (76.5) | / |
| ICSI | 922 (91.8) | 108 (15.3) | / | 59 (15.3) | 49 (15.2) | / |
| IVE + ICSI | 48 (4.8) | 45 (6.4) | / | 18 (4.7) | 27 (8.4) | / |
| Total number of effective blastocysts | 1.0 ± 1.4 | 0.6 ± 1.1 | <0.001 | 0.58 ± 1.1 | 0.65 ± 1.1 | ns |
| Total number of high-quality embryos | 4.5 ± 3.2 | 3.3 ± 2.4 | <0.001 | 2.97 ± 2.1 | 3.64 ± 2.7 | <0.001 |
| Total number of normal fertilized eggs | 9.4 ± 5.6 | 5.9 ± 4.0 | <0.001 | 5.67 ± 3.6 | 6.21 ± 4.4 | ns |
| Total number of cleavages | 9.2 ± 5.5 | 5.8 ± 3.8 | <0.001 | 5.56 ± 3.5 | 6.13 ± 4.2 | 0.05 |
| Number of embryos transferred | <0.001 | ns | ||||
| 1 | 154 (15.3) | 157 (22.2) | / | 84 (21.8) | 73 (22.6) | / |
| ≥2 | 850 (84.7) | 551 (77.8) | / | 301 (78.2) | 250 (77.4) | / |
| Embryo developmental stage at transfer | ns | ns | ||||
| Cleavage stage | 881 (87.7) | 601 (84.9) | / | 327 (84.9) | 274 (84.8) | / |
| Blastocyst stage | 123 (12.3) | 107 (15.1) | / | 58 (15.1) | 49 (15.2) | / |
| C | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number of people | 1004 | 708 | / | 385 | 323 | / |
| Number (rate) of clinical pregnancies | 463 (46.1) | 248 (35.0) | <0.001 | 145 (37.7) | 103 (31.8) | ns |
| Delivery mode | ns | ns | ||||
| Natural birth | 141 (30.5) | 60 (24.2) | / | 36 (24.8) | 24 (23.3) | / |
| Cesarean section | 322 (69.5) | 188 (75.8) | / | 109 (75.2) | 79 (76.7) | / |
| Gestational age (week) | 38.1 ± 2.0 | 38.0 ± 1.9 | ns | 37.9 ± 1.9 | 38.3 ± 1.9 | ns |
| Gestational age grouping | ns | ns | ||||
| Very preterm birth (<32 weeks) | 8 (1.7) | 6 (2.4) | / | 3 (2.1) | 3 (2.9) | / |
| Preterm birth (<37 weeks) | 55 (11.9) | 33 (13.3) | / | 24 (16.6) | 9 (8.7) | / |
| ≥37 weeks | 400 (86.4) | 209 (84.3) | / | 118 (81.4) | 91 (88.3) | / |
| Number of newborns | 0.021 | 0.014 | ||||
| Singleton | 339 (73.2) | 201 (81.0) | / | 110 (75.9) | 91 (88.3) | / |
| Twin | 124 (26.8) | 47 (19.0) | / | 35 (24.1) | 12 (11.7) | / |
| Birth weight (g) | 3139 ± 607 | 3140 ± 580 | ns | 3092 ± 627 | 3189 ± 576 | ns |
| Birth weight grouping | ns | ns | ||||
| Very low birth weight (<1500 g) | 6 (1.3) | 2 (0.8) | / | 1 (0.7) | 1 (1.0) | / |
| Low birth weight (<2500 g) | 44 (9.5) | 28 (11.3) | / | 18 (11.7) | 10 (9.7) | / |
| Birth weight (2500–4000 g)) | 398 (86.0) | 208 (83.9) | / | 121 (83.4) | 87 (84.5) | / |
| High birth weight (>4000 g) | 15 (3.2) | 10 (4.0) | / | 5 (3.4) | 5 (4.9) | / |
| Birth defect | 11 (2.4) | 9 (3.6) | ns | 7 (4.8) | 2 (1.9) | ns |
| Neonatal diseases | 13 (2.8) | 6 (2.4) | ns | 4 (2.8) | 2 (1.9) | ns |
P1, EMs group compared with CON group. P2, OE group compared with non-OE group. The data are expressed as mean ± SD, or n (%). ns indicates no significant difference between the groups (P > 0.05).
For twins, the weight of newborns born should first be counted. P1, EMs group compared with CON group. P2, OE group compared with non-OE group. The data are expressed as mean ± SD, or n (%). ns indicates no significant difference between the groups (P > 0.05).