Table 1.
Characteristics of the Patients at Baseline, According to Categories of Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction.
| Characteristic | EF ≤30% (N=4,515) |
EF 31–59% (N=6,609) |
EF≥60% (N=2,070) |
P |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, yrs | 62 ± 12 | 68 ± 10 | 74 ± 8 | <0.001 |
| Female, no. (%) | 902 (20) | 2145 (32) | 1264 (61) | <0.001 |
| Race, no. (%) | <0.001 | |||
| White | 2664 (59) | 5139 (78) | 1648 (80) | |
| Black | 288 (6) | 189 (3) | 53 (3) | |
| Asian | 975 (22) | 853 (13) | 287 (14) | |
| Other | 588 (13) | 428 (6) | 82 (4) | |
| Geographic Region, no. (%) | <0.001 | |||
| North America | 431 (10) | 428 (7) | 292 (14) | |
| Latin America | 874 (19) | 746 (11) | 183 (9) | |
| Western Europe | 1135 (25) | 1666 (25) | 640 (31) | |
| Central Europe | 1114 (25) | 2828 (43) | 599 (29) | |
| Asia-Pacific or other | 961 (21) | 931 (14) | 356 (17) | |
| Systolic blood pressure, mmHg | 119 ± 15 | 127 ± 16 | 130 ± 16 | <0.001 |
| Heart rate, beats/min | 73 ± 12 | 72 ± 12 | 70 ± 12 | <0.001 |
| Body-mass index # | 27.6 ± 5.4 | 29.4 ± 5.4 | 30.3 ± 5.0 | <0.001 |
| Serum creatinine, mg/dL $ | 1.1 ± 0.3 | 1.1 ± 0.3 | 1.1 ± 0.3 | <0.001 |
| eGFR,% mL/min/1.73 m2 | 68 ± 20 | 66 ± 20 | 61 ± 19 | <0.001 |
| Clinical features of heart failure | ||||
| Ischemic Cause, no. (%) | 2569 (57) | 3643 (55) | 546 (26) | <0.001 |
| Left ventricular ejection fraction, % | 25.0 ± 4.7 | 41.8 ± 9.1 | 64.9 ± 5.2 | <0.001 |
| Median NT-proBNP (25th–75th percentile), pg/mL | 1815 [980, 3735] | 1225 [682, 2216] | 769 [421, 1476] | <0.001 |
| NYHA Classification, no. (%) | <0.001 | |||
| I | 256 (6) | 203 (3) | 67 (3) | |
| II | 3245 (72) | 4759 (72) | 1620 (78) | |
| III | 985 (22) | 1590 (24) | 375 (18) | |
| IV | 22 (0) | 50 (1) | 7 (0) | |
| Medical History, no. (%) | ||||
| Hypertension | 2900 (64) | 5618 (85) | 2005 (97) | <0.001 |
| Diabetes | 1535 (34) | 2573 (39) | 861 (42) | <0.001 |
| Atrial fibrillation or flutter | 1409 (31) | 2602 (39) | 632 (31) | <0.001 |
| Stroke | 385 (9) | 623 (9) | 225 (11) | 0.01 |
| Hospitalization for heart failure | 2879 (64) | 3770 (57) | 930 (45) | <0.001 |
| Myocardial infarction | 1888 (42) | 2494 (38) | 335 (16) | <0.001 |
| Treatment, no. (%) | ||||
| Diuretic at randomization | 3699 (82) | 5641 (86) | 1972 (95) | <0.001 |
| ACE inhibitor or ARB at screening | 4505 (100) | 6246 (95) | 1776 (85) | <0.001 |
| Mineralocorticoid-receptor antagonist at randomization | 2680 (59) | 2750 (42) | 480 (23) | <0.001 |
| Beta-blocker at randomization | 4200 (93) | 5827 (88) | 1604 (77) | <0.001 |
| Sacubitril/valsartan, n (%) | 2240 (50) | 3298 (50) | 1056 (51) | 0.56 |
*
Plus-minus values are mean +/− SD.
#
The body-mass index is the weight in kilograms divided by the square of the height in meters.
$
This characteristic was measured at the randomization visit instead of the screening visit.
%
The GFR at baseline was estimated according to the four-variable Modification of Diet in Renal Disease formula.
NYHA, New York Heart Association; BMI, Body Mass Index; ACE, Angiotensin Converting Enzyme; ARB, Angiotensin Receptor Blocker