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. 2022 May 9;11(4):1309–1332. doi: 10.1007/s40123-022-00513-y

Table 2.

Characteristics of the included studies

Source Publication date Study type Country Sample size Follow-up time after cataract surgery Age, mean ± SD Sex (F/M) Definition of DED Preexisting DED (%)
Kasetsuwan et al. [20] November 2013 Prospective, descriptive study Thailand 92 (92 eyes) 3 M 67.2 ± 8.3 61/31 OSDI > 25 0/92 (0)
Han et al. [21] June 2014 Prospective, observational, case series Korea 48 (58 eyes) 3 M 68.3 ± 11.7 27/31 NA NA
Jee et al. [22] April 2015 Randomized, controlled study Korea 80 (80 eyes) 2 M 68.6 ± 8.5 53/27 NA 58/58 (100)
Cetinkaya et al. [17] June 2015 Retrospective study Turkey 96 (192 eyes) 24 M 68.5 ± 8.1 132/60 NA 192/192 (100)
Devendra et al. [23] October 2015 Single-center, prospective, randomized, controlled trial with a concurrent parallel design India 58 (58 eyes) 2 M 59.6 28/30 Mild symptoms of DED based on OSDI 0/58 (0)
Sahu et al. [19] October 2015 Prospective, observational study India 100 (100 eyes) 2 M 60.8 ± 5.9 59/41 NA 0/100 (0)
Yu et al. [6] December 2015 Prospective, consecutive, nonrandomized, comparative, cohort study China 137 (137 eyes) 1 M 71.8 ± 10.1 76/61 The Japanese diagnostic criteria 2006 [24] 72/137 (52.6)
González-Mesa et al. [25] October 2016 Prospective, observational, cohort study Spain 52 (52 eyes) 3 M 71.2 ± 8.1 24/28 NA NA
Kim et al. [26] September 2016 Prospective, observational, case series Korea 43 (43 eyes) 3 M 65.0 ± 13.8 13/30 NA 43/43 (100)
Park et al. [27] October 2016 Prospective, observational study Korea 34 (48 eyes) 2 M 64.2 ± 6.0 21/27 The DEWS diagnostic criteria 2007 [28] 18/34 (52.9)
Lee et al. [29] February 2017 Retrospective, comparative, observational, case series Korea 64 (64 eyes) 3 M 66.7 ± 9.0 45/19 The DEWS diagnostic criteria 2007 [28] 64/64 (100)
Miyake et al. [30] May 2017 Two consecutive prospective study phases (1) Observational study from before cataract surgery to four weeks after surgery (2) Randomized open-label study from 4 to 8 postoperative weeks Japan 433 (433 eyes) 2 M 71.9 ± 7.5 234/199 The Japanese diagnostic criteria 2006 [24] 302/433 (69.7)
Kato et al. [31] September 2017 Randomized, clinical trial Japan 65 (65 eyes) 2 M 71.8 ± 7.7 37/28 NA 0/65 (0)
Yusufu et al. [32] July 2017 Prospective, interventional, case series China 44 (60 eyes) 1 M 68.7 ± 2.3 31/29 The TFOS DEWS diagnostic criteria 2007 [28] 8/60 (13.3)
Cui et al. [33] August 2017 Prospective, open-label, randomized study Korea 94 (94 eyes) 3 M 63.4 ± 15.8 60/34 Based on OSDI for over 6 months, TFBUT less than 10 s, Schirmer’s test score less than 10 mm per 5 min, and the presence of corneal damage 94/94 (100)
He et al. [34] December 2017 Prospective, parallel-design, continuous, randomized, controlled study China 149 (149 eyes) 1 M 69.2 ± 9.7 94/55 The Chinese Medical Association Ophthalmology Group diagnostic criteria 2013 95/149 (63.8)
Choi et al. [35] June 2018 Prospective, observational study Korea 116 (116 eyes) 3 M 66.3 ± 10.7 62/54 OSDI > 12 [36] NA
Kohli et al. [37] June 2018 Prospective study India 50 (50 eyes) 6 w 60.6 ± 8.4 26/24 The ODISSEY European Consensus Group diagnostic criteria 2014 [38] 0/50 (0)
Sajnani et al. [18] December, 2018 Prospective cohort USA 119 (119 eyes) 6 M 72 (7.8) 66/53 Dry Eye Questionnaire-5 score ≧6 [39] 0/119 (0)
Shao et al. [40] October 2018 Prospective, single-center, randomized trial China 233 (300 eyes) 3 M 69.1 ± 12.6 171/129 Schirmer’s I test ≤ 10 mm, TFBUT ≤ 5 s, CFS ≥ 1, symptoms, such as dryness, foreign body sensation and burning sensation 0/300 (0)
Ntonti et al. [41] February 2019 Prospective, multicenter, randomized trial Greece 180 (180 eyes) 6 w 72.7 ± 8.3 98/82 NA NA
Elksnis et al. [42] September 2018 Prospective study Latvia 37 (74 eyes) 1 M 73.1 ± 12.0 21/16 NA 0/37 (0)
Song et al. [43] April 2019 Prospective, randomized, clinical trial China 106 (106 eyes) 3 M 63.2 ± 5.0 50/56 NA 106/106 (100)
Ju et al. [44] July 2019 Single-center, observational study China 38 (38 eyes) 3 M 72.6 ± 8.7 22/16 The Chinese Medical Association Ophthalmology Group diagnostic criteria 2013 0/38 (0)
Caretti et al. [45] March 2019 Prospective, randomized, case–control study Randomized, double-blind approach Italy 60 (60 eyes) 1 M NA NA NA 60/60 (100)
Jun et al. [46] September 2019 Prospective, randomized, controlled, clinical trial Korea 117 (117 eyes) 3 M 68.0 ± 7.6 75/42 The TFOS DEWS II diagnostic criteria 2017 [47] 117/117 (100)
Yoon et al. [48] October 2019 Prospective, randomized, controlled, clinical trial Korea 24 (24 eyes) 1 M 50–75 NA The Korean guidelines for the diagnosis and management of dry eye 2014 [49] 24/24 (100)
Zamora et al. [50] January 2020 Prospective interventional study Spain 55 (55 eyes) 1 M 75.8 ± 7.3 NA OSDI > 14.2 0/55 (0)
Villani et al. [51] December, 2019 Single-center, observational, longitudinal study Italy 284 (284 eyes) 3 M 74.5 ± 8.2 179/105 The TFOS DEWS II diagnostic criteria 2017 [47] 0/284 (0)
Qiu et al. [52] January 2020 Prospective study China 115 (115 eyes) 1 M 65.3 ± 19.2 53/62 NA 57/115 (49.6%)
Shokoohi-Rad et al. [53] Februar 2020 Randomized triple-blind clinical trial Iran 62 (62 eyes) 1 M 64.6 ± 12.9 18/16 NA NA
Fogagnolo et al. [54] March 2020 Multicenter, pre-marketing, open-label, randomized, prospective study Italy 45 (45 eyes) 2 w 74 ± 8 30/15 TFBUT ≦7 and Schirmer test ≦15 mm/5 min NA
Hanyuda et al. [55] April 2020 Cross-sectional, observational study Japan 89 (89 eyes)  > 12 M 69.3 ± 10.4 57/32 The Japanese diagnostic criteria 2006 [24] NA
Shimabukuro et al. [56] June 2020 Prospective, observational, case–control study Japan 67 (67 eyes) 3 M 75.9 ± 8.3 41/26 The Japanese diagnostic criteria 2006 [24] 48/67 (71.6)
Source Dry eye examinations
OSDI TFBUT CFS Schirmer I TMH TOV
Pre Post Pre Post Pre Post Pre Post Pre Post Pre Post
Kasetsuwan et al. [20] 12.6 33.9 12.2 4.6 The Oxford schema, mean grade I The Oxford schema, mean grade II 14.1 7.57 NA NA NA NA
Han et al. [21] NA NA 6.7 ± 3.0 4.2 ± 1.9 0.4 ± 0.8 0.4 ± 0.7 10.0 ± 3.8 10.0 ± 0.7 NA NA NA NA
Jee et al. [22] 19.5 ± 7.8 17.2 ± 7.0 3.6 ± 1.5 39.0 ± 1.6 1.5 ± 0.5 1.3 ± 0.4 4.2 ± 1.0 4.4 ± 1.1 NA NA NA NA
Cetinkaya et al. [17] 11.7 ± 2.3 7.0 ± 1.0 11.7 ± 2.3 7.0 ± 1.0 NA NA 6.4 ± 1.4 4.5 ± 1.0 NA NA NA NA
Devendra et al. [23] NA NA 12.6 ± 1.7 11.2 ± 1.6 NA NA 24.6 ± 6.5 24.1 ± 6.4 NA NA NA NA
Sahu et al. [19] NA NA 16.1 ± 2.6 9.4 ± 2.6 0.8 ± 0.5 0.8 ± 0.5 17.6 ± 6.9 8.3 ± 6.7 0.4 ± 0.0 0.3 ± 0.1 NA NA
Yu et al. [6] 23.7 ± 5.8 8.8 ± 4.9 5.0 ± 2.8 4.6 ± 4.0 0.4 ± 0.5 0.7 ± 0.6 9.4 ± 7.4 7.3 ± 6.3 0.2 ± 0.1 0.3 ± 0.1 NA NA
González-Mesa et al. [25] 33.6 ± 19.6 16.5 ± 16.4 NA NA 0.0 ± 0.2 0.1 ± 0.4 NA NA NA NA NA NA
Kim et al. [26] 25.6 ± 12.0 39.0 ± 10.1 5.8 ± 1.9 3.8 ± 1.0 1.1 ± 0.8 1.4 ± 1.0 9.7 ± 3.4 8.5 ± 2.4 NA NA NA NA
Park et al. [27] NA NA 4.2 ± 0.4 3.7 ± 0.5 1.5 ± 0.4 2.1 ± 0.8 5.1 ± 0.5 4.3 ± 0.5 NA NA NA NA
Lee et al. [29] 34.5 ± 21.7 31.7 ± 16.2 4.0 ± 1.3 4.5 ± 2.2 1.0 ± 0.8 0.7 ± 0.8 9.9 ± 3.4 9.6 ± 3.4 NA NA NA NA
Miyake et al. [30] NA NA 7.0 ± 2.6 5.7 ± 3.0 1.5 ± 1.4 1.6 ± 1.3 11.8 ± 9.0 12.3 ± 9.9 NA NA NA NA
Kato et al. [31] NA NA 7.4 ± 2.7 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
Yusufu et al. [32] 8.8 ± 10.0 26.9 ± 13.6 9.2 ± 6.5 5.4 ± 2.6 0.5 ± 1.1 1.9 ± 1.9 12.7 ± 6.0 7.2 ± 3.6 0.3 ± 0.1 0.3 ± 0.1 NA NA
Cui et al. [33] 23.6 ± 3.6 40.4 ± 6.7 5.4 ± 2.6 4.3 ± 2.2 NA NA 6.1 ± 3.7 4.8 ± 3.5 NA NA NA NA
He et al. [34] 16.8 ± 2.0 NA NA NA NA NA 13.4 ± 9.3 12.9 ± 9.1 NA NA NA NA
Choi et al. [35] 14.8 ± 15.4 13.1 ± 15.3 5.4 ± 2.1 5.3 ± 2.2 1.2 ± 1.2 0.7 ± 1.0 9.4 ± 4.9 9.5 ± 4.9 NA NA NA NA
Kohli et al. [37] 12.9 ± 4.7 31.3 ± 9.2 11.6 ± 1.0 7.5 ± 2.5 0 2.5 ± 1.0 16.9 ± 2.0 10.6 ± 2.4 NA NA NA NA
Sajnani et al. [18] NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
Shao et al. [40] 0.5 ± 0.4 3.5 ± 0.6 11.0 ± 1.2 8.1 ± 1.1 0.4 ± 0.2 1.0 ± 0.2 9.4 ± 4.0 7.2 ± 3.3 0.4 ± 0.1 0.2 ± 0.1 NA NA
Ntonti et al. [41] NA NA 11.5 ± 7.1 11.0 ± 6.8 NA NA 11.6 ± 3.4 11.9 ± 3.5 NA NA NA NA
Elksnis et al. [42] NA NA NA NA NA NA 13.4 ± 10.5 15.8 ± 9.4 NA NA 301.2 ± 15.1 311.8 ± 14.9
Song et al. [43] NA NA 4.4 ± 1.2 1.2 ± 1.0 0.6 ± 0.7 1.3 ± 1.0 NA 6.6 ± 2.1 NA NA NA NA
Ju et al. [44] 8.4 ± 2.1 17.5 ± 5.5 10.7 ± 1.2 8.1 ± 1.2 0.9 ± 0.7 4.1 ± 1.2 12.9 ± 3.2 13.4 ± 2.6 0.3 ± 0.1 0.4 ± 0.1 NA NA
Caretti et al. [45] 21.0 ± 12.8 14.4 ± 12.9 4.1 ± 1.6 4.8 ± 1.7 0.7 ± 0.5 0.4 ± 0.4 NA NA NA NA NA NA
Jun et al. [46] 22.3 ± 9.0 21.3 ± 12.6 4.6 ± 1.8 3.7 ± 1.4 0.8 ± 0.6 0.3 ± 0.5 11.5 ± 7.6 10.6 ± 6.1 NA NA NA NA
Yoon et al. [48] 27.1 ± 17.2 13.5 ± 6.6 3.1 ± 2.2 3.3 ± 1.9 0.3 ± 0.4 0.2 ± 0.4 NA NA NA NA 295.4 ± 12.1 292.5 ± 11.0
Zamora et al. [50] 11.0 ± 5.1 15.9 ± 6.6 8.8 ± 3.0 6.6 ± 2.7 2.1 ± 1.7 1.1 ± 1.1 9.1 ± 3.6 8.2 ± 2.9 NA NA NA NA
Villani et al. [51] NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
Qiu et al. [52] NA NA 12.11 5.0 0 1.5 12.9 ± 4.8 20.5 ± 9.7 NA NA NA NA
Shokoohi-Rad et al. [53] 18.0 ± 17.2 20.8 ± 19.6 NA NA NA NA NA NA Meniscometry 5.4 ± 2.4 4.9 ± 2.2 NA NA
Fogagnolo et al. [54] 14 ± 8 16 ± 12 7.8 ± 0.7 6.0 ± 1.3 NA NA 18 ± 5 16 ± 8 NA NA 305 ± 17 306 ± 17
Hanyuda et al. [55] NA NA 4.1 ± 1.7 3.8 ± 1.9 0.2 ± 0.5 0.2 ± 0.6 NA NA NA NA NA NA
Shimabukuro et al. [56] NA NA 5.7 ± 2.7 NA 0.6 ± 1.6 NA 8.3 ± 6.2 NA NA NA NA NA
Source DED prevalence after cataract surgery without preexisting DED (%) Peak of severity Duration of DED
Kasetsuwan et al. [20] 9/92 (9.8) 1 w  > 3 M
Han et al. [21] NA 3 M 3 M
Jee et al. [22] NA 1 M  > 2 M
Cetinkaya et al. [17] NA 1w 3 M
Devendra et al. [23] 12/28 (42.9)  > 2 M  > 2 M
Sahu et al. [19] NA 10 d  > 2 M
Yu et al. [6] 12/31 (38.7) 1 w  > 1 M
González-Mesa et al. [25] NA NA NA
Kim et al. [26] NA 1 M  > 3 M
Park et al. [27] NA 1 d  > 2 M
Lee et al. [29] NA 1 M  > 3 M
Miyake et al. [30] 41/131 (31.3) 1 M  > 2 M
Kato et al. [31] NA 1 M  > 2 M
Yusufu et al. [32] 24/30 (80.0) 1 w  > 1 M
Cui et al. [33] NA 1 w  > 3 M
He et al. [34] NA 1 d  > 1 M
Choi et al. [35] NA 1 M  > 3 M
Kohli et al. [37] 16/50 (32.0) 2 w  > 6 w
Sajnani et al. [18] 14/74 (18.9) NA  > 6 M
Shao et al. [40] NA 1 w  > 3 M
Ntonti et al. [41] NA 1 w  > 6 w
Elksnis et al. [42] NA 1 d  > 1 M
Song et al. [43] NA 1 M  > 3 M
Ju et al. [44] NA 1 w  > 3 M
Caretti et al. [45] NA 1 w  > 1 M
Jun et al. [46] NA 1 M  > 3 M
Yoon et al. [48] NA 1 w  > 1 M
Zamora et al. [50] 42/55 (76.3) 1 d  > 1 M
Villani et al. [51] 36/284 (12.7) 3 M  > 3 M
Qiu et al. [52] NA 1 w  > 1 M
Shokoohi-Rad et al. [53] NA 1 w  > 1 M
Fogagnolo et al. [54] NA 1 w  > 2 w
Hanyuda et al. [55] NA NA  > 12 M
Shimabukuro et al. [56] NA 1 M  > 3 M

CFS corneal fluorescein staining, DED dry eye disease, F female, M male, NA not applicable, NEI-VFQ25 National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire, OSDI Ocular Surface Disease Index, post postoperative, pre preoperative, TFBUT tear film breakup time, TMH tear meniscus height, TOV tear osmolarity values, d day, w week, M month