Table 1.
Characteristic of SLE patients.
| All n = 180 | Anti-IFNα positive n = 20 | Anti-IFNα negative n = 160 | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Female Sex, n (%) | 157 (87.2) | 17 (85) | 140 (87.5) | 0.73 |
| Age, years | 44.4 [34–54.2] | 41.5 [30.25–55] | 44.8 [35–54] | 0.32 |
| SLE phenotype | ||||
| Duration of SLE disease, years | 10 [4–20] | 8.5 [2–20.25] | 10 [4–20] | 0.58 |
| SLEDAI score | 2 [0–4] | 2 [0–4.5] | 2 [0–4] | 0.24 |
| Arthritis, n (%) | 127 (71) | 13 (65) | 114 (71) | 0.61 |
| Auto-immune cytopenia, n (%) | 37 (21) | 1 (5) | 36 (22.5) | 0.08 |
| Class III/IV nephritis, n (%) | 54 (30) | 7 (35) | 47 (29) | 0.61 |
| Serosal, n (%) | 49 (27) | 5 (25) | 44 (28) | 1 |
| Neuropsychiatric, n (%) | 13 (7.2) | 0 (0) | 13 (8.1) | 0.37 |
| Mucocutaneous, n (%) | 125 (69) | 14 (70) | 111 (69) | 1 |
| anti-SSA, n (%) | 80 (45) | 8 (40) | 72 (46) | 0.64 |
| anti-SSB, n (%) | 22 (12) | 1 (5) | 21 (13.4) | 0.48 |
| anti-RNP, n (%) | 51 (29) | 8 (40) | 43 (27) | 0.30 |
| anti-Sm, n (%) | 42 (24) | 7 (35) | 35 (22) | 0.26 |
| anti-PL, n (%) | 42 (23) | 4 (20) | 38 (24) | 1 |
| Low C3, n (%) | 41 (30) | 5 (31) | 36 (30) | 1 |
| Gammaglobulins, g/L | 13.8 [10.2–16.8] | 11.7 [9.9–17.6] | 13.9 [10.75–16.25] | 0.9 |
| Lymphocytes count | 1.5 [1.1–2] | 1.68 [1.1–2] | 1.5 [1.1–2] | 0.77 |
| GFR < 60 mL/mn/1.73 m2, n(%) | 12 (7) | 2 (10) | 10 (6.2) | 0.63 |
| Proteinuria/Creatininuria, mg/mmol | 30 [20–100] | 30 [20–60] | 30 [10–100] | 0.81 |
| Infections | ||||
| Bacterium, n (%) | 57 (31.7) | 4 (20) | 53 (33.1) | 0.81 |
| Virus | 40 (22.2) | 6 (30) | 34 (21.2) | 0.41 |
| VZV | 13 (7) | 1 (5) | 12 (7.5) | 1 |
| SarsCov2 | 15 (8.3) | 3 (15) | 12 (7.5) | 0.22 |
| Admission | 7 | 2 | 5 | – |
| ICU | 0 | 0 | 0 | – |
| Asymptomatic | 3 | 1 | 2 | – |
| Second infection | 3 | 1 | 2 | – |
| Other$ | 12 (6.7) | 2 (10) | 10 (6.2) | 0.63 |
| Mycobacterium tuberculosis | 9 (5) | 4 (20) | 5 (3.1) | 0.01 |
| Parasite/Fungus, n (%) | 10 (5.6) | 0 (0) | 10 (6.2) | 0.61 |
| Pneumocystis carinii | 2 (1.1) | 0 (0) | 2 (1.3) | – |
| Aspergillosis | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | – |
| Other† | 8 (4.5) | 0 (0) | 8 (5) | – |
| Number of infection | 0.72 | |||
| 1 | 69 (38.3) | 9 (45) | 60 (37.5) | |
| 2 | 21 (11.7) | 3 (15) | 18 (11.2) | |
| > 2 | 5 (2.8) | 0 (0) | 5 (3.1) | |
| Treatment history | ||||
| Steroids, n (%) | 144 (80) | 16 (80) | 128 (80) | 1 |
| Steroids daily dose*, mg/d | 5 [0–9] | 5 [0–9.25] | 5 [0–9] | 0.77 |
| Hydroxychloroquine, n (%) | 148 (82) | 18 (90) | 130 (81) | 0.54 |
| HCQ daily dose, mg/d | 400 [200–400] | 400 [200–400] | 400 [375–400] | 1 |
| [HCQ] ng/mL | 936 [555–1276] | 1326 [832–1787] | 906 [510–1261] | 0.07 |
| Immunosuppressive drugs, n (%) | 99 (55) | 13 (65) | 86 (54) | 0.48 |
| Biologics, n (%) | 43 (24) | 5 (25) | 38 (24) | 1 |
GFR glomerular filtration rate, HCQ hydroxychloroquine, VZV varicella-zoster virus, ICU intensive care unit, HCQ hydroxychloroquine.
Immunosuppressive drugs included cyclophosphamide, azathioprine, mycophenolate mofetil, and methotrexate.
Biologics included belimumab and rituximab.
$other virus include respiratory viruses (n = 2), herpes simplex virus (n = 2), dengue virus (n = 2), hepatitis C virus (n = 2), hepatitis B virus (n = 2), human papillomavirus (n = 1), and chikungunya virus (n = 1).
†Other parasite/fungus include plasmodium falciparum (n = 6), sarcoptes scabiei (n = 1) and cryptosporidium (n = 1).
*Current.